There are two types of the Roselle plant: the H. sabdariffa var. sabdariffa (HSS) cultivated mainly for the fleshy, shiny-red calyx and the H. sabdariffa var. altissima (HSA) cultivated mainly for its phloem fiber.

Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) (p. 3). Elsevier Science. Kindle Edition.

The world’s largest collection of Roselle accessions (628) is by the ICAR-Central Research Institute for Jute and Allied Fibres, India (Mahapatra, 2008). There are two categories of the plant according to the growth habit and usage of the end products (Sharma et al., 2016). However, HSA category consists of plants with upright growth habit with branching at the lower part supported by an extended stem that has bast fiber of commercial use. On the other hand, the HSS category is described as bushy and has hefty branches, which bear fleshy calyces (Mahadevan & Kamboj, 2009).

Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) (p. 3). Elsevier Science. Kindle Edition.

There are three roselle types, based upon color: green (G), light red (LR) and dark red (DR)

Biochemical and molecular characterization of three colored types of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.)

Genetic variation is important for plant breeders to increase crop productivity. Being an introduced species in Malaysia, there is a very limited number of germplasm accessions available for breeding.

UKM maintains a working germplasm collection and conducts agronomic research and crop improvement.

Mutation breeding

Conventional hybridization is difficult to carry out in roselle due to its cleistogamous nature of reproduction. Because of this, a mutation breeding programme was initiated to generate new genetic variability.^[58] The use of induced mutations for its improvement was initiated in 1999 in cooperation with MINT (now called Malaysian Nuclear Agency) and has produced some promising breeding lines. Roselle is a tetraploid species; thus, segregating populations require longer time to achieve fixation as compared to diploid species. In April 2009, UKM launched three new varieties named UKMR-1, UKMR-2 and UKMR-3. These new varieties were developed using Arab as the parent variety in a mutation breeding programme which started in 2006.

Source: Wikipedia (Hibiscus sabdariffa page)

Morpho-agronomic characteristics of two Roselle varieties (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) in tropical Iranshahr

Table 1. Morphological characters of two varieties Roselle

H. sabdariffa var. sabdariffa, embraces shorter, bushy forms which have been described as races: bhagalpuriensi, intermedius, albus, and ruber, all breeding true from seed. The first has green, red-streaked, inedible calyces; the second and third have yellow-green edible calyces and also yield fiber. We are dealing here primarily with the race ruber and its named cultivars with edible calyces; secondarily, the green-fruited strains which have similar uses and which may belong to race albus.

Source: World Crops

The Hibiscus sabdariffa Arab. (also known as var. Manchester Black) is a bigger Roselle than her red sister.

If you want to make jam or syrup from it, you must be aware that the pectin content is many times higher than the red version.

The Arab variety is the most common and most commonly used Roselle in Surinam.

Reference: https://www.seedsdelmundo.com/product/hibiscus-sabdariffa-arab/

Mexico: Flor de Jamaica

Karkade or Carcadé 

خطمي سابداريفا

كركديه

chin baung (ချဉ်ပေါင်) in Burmese

luòshénhuā (洛神花) in Chinese

Thai: กระเจี๊ยบ (RTGS: krachiap) in Thai ສົ້ມພໍດີ

sőm phɔː diː/in Lao

ស្លឹក​ជូរ /slɜk cuː/ សណ្តាន់​ទេស /sɑndan tẹːh/, ម្ជូរ​បារាំង /məcuː baraŋ ម្ជូរ​ព្រឹក /məcuː prɨk/in Khmer

cây quế mầu, cây bụp giấm, cây bụt giấm in Vietnamese

Nutrition & Food Science

2002-01-01

Wong, Peng‐Kong; Yusof, Salmah; Ghazali, H.M.; Che Man, Y.B.

The physico‐chemical characteristics of roselle from Malaysia were studied. The parameters analysed included size, weight, pH, titratable acidity, soluble solids, anthocyanin contents, organic acids and sugars. Succinic and oxalic acids were the predominant organic acids found in roselle while glucose was the major sugar present. The present study was also conducted to determine and quantify the most biologically effective natural antioxidants present in roselle. Ascorbic acid, β‐carotene and lycopene, were separated, identified and quantified by HPLC. The amounts of ascorbic acid, β‐carotene and lycopene contents were 141.09mg/100g, 1.88mg/100g and 164.34μg/100g, respectively. The individual anthocyanin in roselle was characterised by TLC and HPLC. Delphinidin‐3‐sambubioside and cyanidin‐3‐sambubioside were the main anthocyanin present in roselle.

10.1108/00346650210416994

https://doi.org/10.1108/00346650210416994

Food & Function

2019-04-17

Jabeur, Inès; Pereira, Eliana; Caleja, Cristina; Calhelha, Ricardo C.; Soković, Marina; Catarino, Luís; Barros, Lillian; Ferreira, Isabel C. F. R.

Different external factors influence the chemical characteristics of natural products, varying according to the geographic origin. The present study determined the nutritional and chemical composition of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. dried calyces (Guinea-Bissauan origin), as well as the phenolic composition, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity of its infusion and hydroethanolic extracts. Among the chemical components, glucose and quinic acid showed the major concentration for sugars and organic acids, respectively. Palmitic acid and α-tocopherol were the most abundant lipophilic compounds. The individual phenolic compounds were analysed through HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS. Thirteen compounds were identified in the hydroethanolic extract, while twelve were identified in the infusion, 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid being the major non-anthocyanin compound. Three anthocyanins were identified, delphinidin-3-O-sambubioside being the most abundant. Both extracts showed promising results in all the bioactive assays. This study exhibited the beneficial properties of H. sabdariffa and also emphasized the potential applications of this plant in different industrial sectors.

10.1039/C9FO00287A

https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2019/fo/c9fo00287a

Food & Function

2018-06-20

Boix-Castejón, Marina; Herranz-López, María; Gago, Alberto Pérez; Olivares-Vicente, Mariló; Caturla, Nuria; Roche, Enrique; Micol, Vicente

Trial design: Plant-derived polyphenols have shown potential to alleviate obesity-related pathologies by a multi-targeted mechanism in animal models and human intervention studies. A dietary supplement based on a combination of Lippia citriodora (LC) and Hibiscus sabdariffa (HS) polyphenolic extracts was assayed in a double blind and placebo-controlled intervention study with 54 overweight subjects. Methods: Blood pressure, body weight, height, triceps, biceps and abdominal skinfold thickness, and arm and abdominal circumferences were taken at the baseline, 30 and 60 days of the intervention period. The validated Visual Analogue Scale used to record hunger and satiety-related sensations was passed at the beginning and at 15, 30, 45 and 60 days of the intervention. Subjective health status was assessed through the validated SF-36 questionnaire at the beginning and end of the study. Finally, plasma from fasting blood samples was obtained at the beginning, 30 and 60 days of the study. Results: The results showed an improvement of anthropometric measurements, decreased blood pressure and heart rate and a more positive perception in the overall health status. We also observed that plant polyphenols increased anorexigenic hormones (glucagon-like peptide-1) and decreased orexigenic hormones (ghrelin). Conclusions: Based on previous evidence we postulate that AMP-activated protein kinase may have a role in such effects through its capability to modulate energy homeostasis, total daily energy expenditure and lipid management. Although further research may be required, we propose that this polyphenolic combination may be used for weight management by increasing long-term weight loss maintenance through the modulation of appetite biomarkers. This may help to avoid the undesired weight regain typical of calorie restriction diets.

#polyphenols #appetite #obesity

10.1039/C8FO00367J

https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2018/fo/c8fo00367j

Scientific Reports

2019-02-28

Herranz-López, María; Olivares-Vicente, Mariló; Boix-Castejón, Marina; Caturla, Nuria; Roche, Enrique; Micol, Vicente

Plant-polyphenols have shown the capacity to ameliorate obesity-induced metabolic disturbances, both in cell and animal models, where most therapeutic approaches have failed. On the basis of previous research, a dietary supplement containing 500 mg of a combination of polyphenolic extracts from Lippia citriodora L. and Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (LC-HS), in the context of an equilibrated isocaloric diet, was evaluated in a double blind, placebo-controlled and randomized trial in 56 obese/overweight subjects for two months. Compared to controls, the consumption of the LC-HS polyphenols showed significant improvements in body weight, abdominal circumference of overweight subjects (−6.79 ± 0.80 cm in overweight LC-HS group vs −1.85 ± 0.83 cm in controls, p < 0.001) and body fat % (−1.33 ± 0.15% in overweight LC-HS group vs −0.66 ± 0.17% in controls, p < 0.05). Heart rate and systolic blood pressure also presented significant improvements in overweight LC-HS participants. However, changes were more modest in obese subjects. Further, LC-HS extract significantly reduced lipid content and increased AMPK activity in a hypertrophied adipocyte cell model. Therefore, consumption of 500 mg/day of LC-HS extracts enriched in polyphenols for two months in the context of an isocaloric diet by overweight subjects decreased symptoms associated to obesity-related diseases. Modulation of fat metabolism in adipose tissue, probably mediated by AMPK activation, is proposed as a molecular target to be explored in future research.

10.1038/s41598-019-39159-5

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-39159-5

2019-07-03

Koopman, Ellen

Zobo is a traditional Nigerian street-vended beverage, made of the calyces of the flower Hibiscus sabdariffa. Malnutrition is a major concern in countries such as Nigeria. Addition of turmeric to zobo might improve the nutritional quality of the drink. Two different addition methods of turmeric in two concentrations were tested for nutrient composition. The proximate analysis, which comprises the moisture, ash, protein, fat and carbohydrate fraction, of fortified zobo was determined. Also, the pH and specific gravity were measured. With HPLC, the vitamins A (beta-carotene), B (folic acid) and C (ascorbic acid) were analysed, as well as minerals iron and zinc. It was found that zobo has a very high moisture content of 96% and low concentrations of carbohydrates, ash, protein and fat. The drink has a low pH of around 2.4, which increases upon addition of turmeric. The specific gravity is around 1 for all samples. No beta-carotene was detected. Folic acid was detected, but the concentration could not be determined. Ascorbic acid was found in the samples, ranging from 500-800 μg/100 mL. The concentration of iron and zinc ranged from 10-14 and 2-3 mg/L, respectively. The daily recommended amount of vitamin C for children the age 2-5 is 30 mg, the recommended amount of the minerals are 8 mg for iron and 6 mg for zinc. To reach these amounts, one must consume around 4 litres of zobo. The daily requirements of nutrients thus cannot be met by consumption of (fortified) zobo. However, it can contribute to meet the requirements. The addition of turmeric to zobo might improve the nutrient composition of zobo, although it is yet to be proven with significance. The consumption of turmeric fortified zobo could potentially be beneficial to health and relieve malnutrition.

https://edepot.wur.nl/496703

European Journal of Nutrition

2022-03-01

Serna, Ana; Marhuenda, Javier; Arcusa, Raúl; Pérez-Piñero, Silvia; Sánchez-Macarro, Maravillas; García-Muñoz, Ana María; Victoria-Montesinos, Desirée; Cánovas, Fernando; López-Román, F. Javier

Polyphenols have shown capacity to improve appetite sensation, leading to enhanced control of body weight. However, despite being related with hunger-related hormones, metabolic and mechanism are not well known.

10.1007/s00394-021-02678-x

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-021-02678-x

2023-06-25

Gow, Rachel V

There are around 300 hundred different species of hibiscus belonging to the Malvaceous family which vary according to the geographical location it is grown and cultivated in. China is considered to the be the leading commercial producer of hibiscus globally with European markets growing in recent times (Pfeil et al., 2002). The genus Hibiscus are considered among the oldest flowering plants on Earth generating petals which are traditionally pink, red, yellow or white in colour (Lawton, 2004).  It is native to warm temperatures, subtropical and tropical regions and is native to China, Malaysia, South Korea, India, Thailand, Egypt, Nigeria, Mexico, Sudan, Mali, Senegal, Haiti, and Hawaii. However, hibiscus can be cultivated in colder climates in indoor pots and greenhouses.  The Hibiscus sabdariffa is the most popular species in terms of tea beverage production (Malinowski et al., 2019). Hibiscus is commercially available as an herbal extract or a hot or cold tea and has a sweet and tart flavour similar to cranberry. Hibiscus is rich in protective, antioxidant properties and because of this is associated with a wide-range of health benefits. It is also calorie and caffeine free, supports weight-loss, is antibacterial and anti-inflammatory. The global hibiscus flower powder market size was estimated in 2017 as worth circa 113.3 million USD with predictions to grow at a rate of 7.2% annually in the period 2020-2027. It is used in the food industry as a natural colourant, as well as for its flavour and texture and is added to a range of foods including jam, juice, and desserts. Organic hibiscus is also used cosmetically in natural healthcare products and is considered to have antiaging, moisturizing and antioxidant properties. A hibiscus-based beverage with the nutritionally beneficial additions of lemon balm, mint, rose and stevia rebaudiana arguably provides a novel and phytochemical active, plant-based drink which is metabolically healthy.

2017

Shruthi, V.; Ramachandra, C.; Nidoni, U.; Hiregoudar, S.; Naik, N.; Kurubar, A. R.

Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (Roselle) is a medicinal plant grown in Africa, South East Asia, Central America in Mexico, it is known as Jamaica flowers, Sorrel and Karkdah (in Egypt), belongs to the Malvaceae family. It has been reported to use as a flavouring for sauces, jellies, marmalades and soft drinks or to use as a colourant for foods, which Roselle appear to be good and promising sources of water soluble natural red colourants. Anthocyanins, which are flavonoids are water-soluble natural pigments. Aqueous extracts of Roselle or Hibiscus sabdariffa L. calyces have characteristic intense red colouration due to the presence of anthocyanins, which could be utilised as colouring agent in pharmaceutical products. It has been reported that the Anthocyanins found in the calyces of H. sabdariffa contain delphinidin-3-sambubioside, cynidin-3-sambubioside, delphinidin-3-monoglucoside and cynidin-3-monoglucoside. The present paper is an overview on its potential use as a natural colour and its health benefits reported in the literature.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ROSELLE-(-HIBISCUS-SABDARIFFA-L-.-)-AS-A-SOURCE-OF-Shruthi-Ramachandra/e30172bf1459437a944133b40e97e9831b11c22f

Beverages

2021-02-23

Pinto, Teresa; Viela, Alice

Consumers increasingly prefer and seek food and beverages, which, due to their natural characteristics, bring health benefits, both in the prevention of diseases and in their curative power. In this way, the production of nutraceutical foods and beverages gains more and more importance in the market. On the other hand, and because the eyes also eat, producing attractive foods due to their color, texture, appearance, and sensory characteristics is a permanent challenge in the food industry. Being able to gather healthy and attractive items in a single food is an even greater challenge. The long list of benefits associated with phenolic compounds, such as antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antiaging properties, among others, fully justifies their use in the enrichment of various food products. Thus, in this review, we propose to summarize the potential use of phenolic compounds used as ingredients of pleasant and functional beverages.

10.3390/beverages7010012

https://doi.org/10.3390/beverages7010012

Beverages

2016-12

Vilela, Alice; Cosme, Fernanda

Consumers’ food quality perception and sensorial experience are important in food consumption behavior and food choice. Red fruit juices are appreciated fruit juices for almost all consumers, due to their flavor and intense red color. Studies have also shown that their phytochemical composition, which is associated with their antioxidant activity, shows a protective effect against many chronic diseases. Nevertheless, the profile and concentration of anthocyanins are different in function of the fruit used; therefore, the color and health benefits of the juices also show differences. Some red fruit juices have lower concentrations of anthocyanins, for example strawberry, and others have higher concentrations, such as elderberry and black currant juices. High correlation was observed between antioxidant activity and red fruit juices’ total anthocyanins concentration. Therefore, this review will addresses red fruit juices phenolic composition, with a special focus on the challenges for future, and some ideas on the sensory impact.

10.3390/beverages2040029

https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5710/2/4/29

Acta Horticulturae

2011-12

Shaheen, M.A.; El-Nakhlawy, F.S.

10.17660/ActaHortic.2011.918.58

https://www.actahort.org/books/918/918_58.htm

Letters in Applied NanoBioScience

2021-01-23

Riaz, Ghazala; Naik, Satya; Garg, Meenakshi; Chopra, Rajni

Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L) belongs to the Malvaceae family is a multipurpose plant with high economic importance and worldwide fame for its nutritional and therapeutic value, but unfortunately, it is underutilized in India. Their calyces are utilized as ethnic food and in traditional medicine to cure many degenerative diseases in different parts of the world and by the tribal of India. However, no evidence is available in the literature regarding the existent quality assessment of the roselle calyces in India. Therefore, the objective of the study was to characterize the calyces of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) from India. The calyces were grounded, sieved to 20 mesh sizes, and stored in the refrigerator for further analysis. The parameters analyzed included nutritional composition and the biologically effective component that is total phenols and the total anthocyanins. A procedure to measure the anthocyanins by pH-differential UV-visible spectrometry was followed. Total phenolic content was assessed by the Folin Ciocalteau method, and gallic acid was used as a standard. The individual anthocyanins present in Hibiscus were characterized by TLC. The results reveal that these indigenous powdered calyces are rich sources of macro and micronutrients, bioactive components like polyphenols and flavonoids, especially anthocyanins. Our study substantiates the health /nutritional claims and validates its applicability in functional food processing and therapeutic treatments.

10.33263/LIANBS102.21382147

Nutrition & Food Science

2002-01-01

Wong, Peng‐Kong; Yusof, Salmah; Ghazali, H.M.; Che Man, Y.B.

The physico‐chemical characteristics of roselle from Malaysia were studied. The parameters analysed included size, weight, pH, titratable acidity, soluble solids, anthocyanin contents, organic acids and sugars. Succinic and oxalic acids were the predominant organic acids found in roselle while glucose was the major sugar present. The present study was also conducted to determine and quantify the most biologically effective natural antioxidants present in roselle. Ascorbic acid, β‐carotene and lycopene, were separated, identified and quantified by HPLC. The amounts of ascorbic acid, β‐carotene and lycopene contents were 141.09mg/100g, 1.88mg/100g and 164.34μg/100g, respectively. The individual anthocyanin in roselle was characterised by TLC and HPLC. Delphinidin‐3‐sambubioside and cyanidin‐3‐sambubioside were the main anthocyanin present in roselle.

10.1108/00346650210416994

https://doi.org/10.1108/00346650210416994

Food & Function

2019-04-17

Jabeur, Inès; Pereira, Eliana; Caleja, Cristina; Calhelha, Ricardo C.; Soković, Marina; Catarino, Luís; Barros, Lillian; Ferreira, Isabel C. F. R.

Different external factors influence the chemical characteristics of natural products, varying according to the geographic origin. The present study determined the nutritional and chemical composition of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. dried calyces (Guinea-Bissauan origin), as well as the phenolic composition, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity of its infusion and hydroethanolic extracts. Among the chemical components, glucose and quinic acid showed the major concentration for sugars and organic acids, respectively. Palmitic acid and α-tocopherol were the most abundant lipophilic compounds. The individual phenolic compounds were analysed through HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS. Thirteen compounds were identified in the hydroethanolic extract, while twelve were identified in the infusion, 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid being the major non-anthocyanin compound. Three anthocyanins were identified, delphinidin-3-O-sambubioside being the most abundant. Both extracts showed promising results in all the bioactive assays. This study exhibited the beneficial properties of H. sabdariffa and also emphasized the potential applications of this plant in different industrial sectors.

10.1039/C9FO00287A

https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2019/fo/c9fo00287a

1997

Alshoosh, Wafa Gamal Abdalla

Six lines of of Hibiscus sabdariffa were used in this study The proximate analysis gave moisture 619%, 1207% and 842%, ash 106%, 798% and 1242%, protein 976%, 553% and 613%, oil 099%, 095% and 090%, fibre 1074%, 1173% and 1217%, carbohydrate 6164%, 6176% and 6043% for seasons 93/94, 94/95 and 95/96 respectively Physicochemical investigation of karkade calices gave the following results: reducing sugar 129% 128% and 127%, non reducing sugar 087, 077 and 086, PH 31, 271 and 3001, colour intensity 077, 072 and 051, insoluble solids 3774%, 3636% and 3733% for seasons 93/94, 94/95 and 95/96 respectively The value of vitamin C and acidity (organic acids) in season 93/94 was 9206 mg/100g and 1958% respectively Organic acids as hibiscic acid, citric acid, vitamin C and xalic acid was 2551%, 1415%, 9269 mg/100g and 055% and 2618%, 1414%, 9726 mg/100g and 056% for season 94/95 and 95/96 respectively Mineral contents for karkade calices were measured by using atomic absorption spectroscopy, the results for season 94/95 were 056%, 024%, 008%, 023%, 095% and 019% for Ca, Mg, Fe, Na, K and P respectively, while mineral content for season 95/96, 19%, 031%, 007%, 031%, 048%, 023% 005%, 022%, 006%, 0006%, 002%, and 003% for Ca, Mg, Fe, Na, K, P, Zn, M, Cu, Pb, Co and Cr respectively UV-visible spectrum showed the presence of the following pigments: dephinidin-3-sambubioside and cyanidin-3-sambuioside Total anthocyanin of karkade calices were found to be 089 to 14% and 099 to 16% for season 94/95 and 95/96 respectively Acid hydrolysis of the pigments showed the presence of xylose and glucose in addition to the anthocyanidins delphinidin ad cyanidin(Author)

https://www.osti.gov/etdeweb/servlets/purl/348055

Phytotherapy Research

2005

Ali, Badreldin H.; Wabel, Naser Al; Blunden, Gerald

This article reviews the reported phytochemical, pharmacological and toxicological properties of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (English: roselle, red sorrel; Arabic: karkade), the calyces of which are used in many parts of the world to make cold and hot drinks. Nutritionally, these contain ascorbic acid (vitamin C). In folk medicine, the calyx extracts are used for the treatment of several complaints, including high blood pressure, liver diseases and fever. The pharmacological actions of the calyx extracts include strong in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activity. In rats and rabbits, the extract showed antihypercholesterolaemic, antinociceptive and antipyretic, but not antiinflammatory activities. In rat and man a strong antihypertensive action has been demonstrated. The effects of the calyx extracts on smooth muscles in vitro are variable, but they mostly inhibit the tone of the isolated muscles. In healthy men, consumption of H. sabdariffa has resulted in significant decreases in the urinary concentrations of creatinine, uric acid, citrate, tartrate, calcium, sodium, potassium and phosphate, but not oxalate. Oil extracted from the plant’s seeds has been shown to have an inhibitory effect on some bacteria and fungi in vitro. The plant extracts are characterized by a very low degree of toxicity. The LD50 of H. sabdariffa calyx extract in rats was found to be above 5000 mg/kg. A single report has suggested that excessive doses for relatively long periods could have a deleterious effect on the testes of rats. In view of its reported nutritional and pharmacological properties and relative safety, H. sabdariffa and compounds isolated from it (for example, anthocyanins and Hibiscus protocatechuic acid) could be a source of therapeutically useful products. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

10.1002/ptr.1628

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ptr.1628

Phytotherapy Research | Medicinal Chemistry Journal | Wiley Online Library

Planta Medica

2019-03

Giacoman-Martínez, Abraham; Alarcón-Aguilar, Francisco J.; Zamilpa, Alejandro; Hidalgo-Figueroa, Sergio; Navarrete-Vázquez, Gabriel; García-Macedo, Rebeca; Román-Ramos, Rubén; Almanza-Pérez, Julio C.

<p> <i>Hibiscus sabdariffa</i> is a medicinal plant consumed as a diuretic and anti-obesity remedy. Several pharmacological studies have shown its beneficial effects in metabolism. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors <i>δ</i> and <i>γ</i> may play a role in the actions of <i>H. sabdariffa.</i> These nuclear receptors regulate lipid and glucose metabolism and are therapeutic targets for type 2 diabetes. This research aimed to perform a phytochemical study guided by a bioassay from <i>H. sabdariffa</i> to identify compounds with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor <i>δ</i> and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor <i>γ</i> agonist activity, supported by messenger ribonucleic acid expression, molecular docking, lipid accumulation, and an antihyperglycemic effect. An oral glucose tolerance test in mice with the aqueous extract of <i>H. sabdariffa</i> and the dichloromethane extract of <i>H. sabdariffa</i> was performed. The dichloromethane extract of <i>H. sabdariffa</i> exhibited an antihyperglycemic effect. The dichloromethane extract of <i>H. sabdariffa</i> was fractioned, and four fractions were evaluated in 3T3-L1 adipocytes on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor <i>δ</i>, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor <i>γ</i>, fatty acid transporter protein, and glucose transporter type 4 messenger ribonucleic acid expression. Fraction F3 exhibited peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor <i>δ</i>/<i>γ</i> dual agonist activity, and a further fractionation yielded two subfractions, F3-1 and F3-2, which also increased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor <i>δ</i> and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor <i>γ</i> expression. Subfractions were analyzed by GC/MS. The main compounds identified in F3-1 were linoleic acid, oleic acid, and palmitic acid, while in F3-2, the main compounds identified were <i>α</i>-amyrin and lupeol. These molecules were subjected to molecular docking analysis. <i>α</i>-Amyrin and lupeol showed the highest affinity. Moreover, both produced an increase in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor <i>δ</i>, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor <i>γ</i>, fatty acid transporter protein, and glucose transporter type 4 expression. Additionally, <i>α</i>-amyrin and lupeol decreased lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and blood glucose in mice. Until now, <i>α</i>-amyrin and lupeol have not been reported with activity on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. This study provides evidence that <i>α</i>-amyrin and lupeol possess antidiabetic effects through a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor <i>δ</i>/<i>γ</i> dual agonist action.</p>

10.1055/a-0824-1316

http://www.thieme-connect.de/DOI/DOI?10.1055/a-0824-1316

Food and Chemical Toxicology: An International Journal Published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association

2020-10

Herranz-López, María; Olivares-Vicente, Mariló; Rodríguez Gallego, Esther; Encinar, Jose Antonio; Pérez-Sánchez, Almudena; Ruiz-Torres, Verónica; Joven, Jorge; Roche, Enrique; Micol, Vicente

Polyphenols from Hibiscus sabdariffa (HS) alleviate obesity-related metabolic complications but the metabolites responsible for such effects are unknown. We aimed to elucidate which of the potential plasma metabolites from a polyphenol-enriched HS (PEHS) extract contributed for the reversion of glucolipotoxicity-induced metabolic stress using 3T3-L1 adipocyte and INS 832/13 pancreatic β-cell models under glucolipotoxic conditions. PEHS extract, quercetin (Q) and quercetin-3-O-glucuronide (Q3GA) showed stronger capacity to decrease glucolipotoxicity-induced ROS generation than ascorbic acid or chlorogenic acid. PEHS extract, Q and Q3GA decreased secretion of cytokines (leptin, TNF-α, IGF-1, IL-6, VEGF, IL-1α, IL-1β and CCL2) and reduced CCL2 expression at transcriptional level. In addition, PEHS extract, Q and Q3GA reduced triglyceride accumulation, which occurred through fatty acid synthase (FASN) downregulation, AMPK activation and mitochondrial mass and biogenesis restoration via PPARα upregulation. Electron microscopy confirmed that PEHS extract and Q3GA decreased mitochondrial remodeling and mitophagy. Virtual screening leads us to postulate that Q and Q3GA might act as agonists of these protein targets at specific sites. These data suggest that Q and Q3GA may be the main responsible compounds for the capacity of PEHS extract to revert glucolipotoxicity-induced metabolic stress through AMPK-mediated decrease in fat storage and increase in fatty acid oxidation, though other compounds of the extract may contribute to this capacity.

10.1016/j.fct.2020.111606

Phytotherapy Research

2005

Ali, Badreldin H.; Wabel, Naser Al; Blunden, Gerald

This article reviews the reported phytochemical, pharmacological and toxicological properties of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (English: roselle, red sorrel; Arabic: karkade), the calyces of which are used in many parts of the world to make cold and hot drinks. Nutritionally, these contain ascorbic acid (vitamin C). In folk medicine, the calyx extracts are used for the treatment of several complaints, including high blood pressure, liver diseases and fever. The pharmacological actions of the calyx extracts include strong in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activity. In rats and rabbits, the extract showed antihypercholesterolaemic, antinociceptive and antipyretic, but not antiinflammatory activities. In rat and man a strong antihypertensive action has been demonstrated. The effects of the calyx extracts on smooth muscles in vitro are variable, but they mostly inhibit the tone of the isolated muscles. In healthy men, consumption of H. sabdariffa has resulted in significant decreases in the urinary concentrations of creatinine, uric acid, citrate, tartrate, calcium, sodium, potassium and phosphate, but not oxalate. Oil extracted from the plant’s seeds has been shown to have an inhibitory effect on some bacteria and fungi in vitro. The plant extracts are characterized by a very low degree of toxicity. The LD50 of H. sabdariffa calyx extract in rats was found to be above 5000 mg/kg. A single report has suggested that excessive doses for relatively long periods could have a deleterious effect on the testes of rats. In view of its reported nutritional and pharmacological properties and relative safety, H. sabdariffa and compounds isolated from it (for example, anthocyanins and Hibiscus protocatechuic acid) could be a source of therapeutically useful products. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

10.1002/ptr.1628

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ptr.1628

Phytotherapy Research | Medicinal Chemistry Journal | Wiley Online Library

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ptr.1628

Journal of Food Science and Technology

2019-01-01

Avalos-Martínez, Erendira; Pino, Jorge A.; Sáyago-Ayerdi, Sonia; Sosa-Moguel, Odri; Cuevas-Glory, Luis

This study was conducted to assess and correlate the sensory characteristics and volatile compounds of hot beverages from the calyces of four Mexican varieties of hibiscus (4Q4, Puebla Precoz, UAN 16-1, and Sudan). A panel of 10 judges, detected six flavour descriptors in all samples. Sensory studies revealed highly characteristic flavour profiles of these varieties. In order to obtain the extracts and further characterize the odour-active volatiles of the studied beverages, a simultaneous steam distillation and solvent extraction procedure followed by a GC–MS analysis was employed. A total of 104 volatile compounds were identified in all samples. By determining the odour activity values (OAVs) it was possible to identify compounds with high odor-activity in the beverages, such as: 2-furfural, 5-methyl-2-furfural, hexanal, (E)-2-hexenal, (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, 1-octen-3-one, 1-octen-3-ol, 5-methyl-2(3H)-furanone, phenylacetaldehyde, nonanal, (E)-2-nonenal, geranylacetone, α-ionone and β-ionone. Moreover, on the basis of their OAVs, the differences in odour profiles of beverages were predominately due to these odorants.

10.1007/s13197-018-3496-0

https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-018-3496-0

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry

1998-03-01

Chen, Shyh-Hung; Huang, Tzou-Chi; Ho, Chi-Tang; Tsai, Pi-Jen

The Likens−Nickerson steam distillation procedure was utilized to mimic the preparation of roselle tea. Thermally generated volatiles from roselle were collected and analyzed by GC and GC−MS. There were four differently treated samples:  untreated, frozen, hot-air-dried at 50 °C, and hot-air-dried at 75 °C. More than 37 compounds were characterized. They were classified into four groups:  fatty acid derivatives, sugar derivatives, phenolic derivatives, and terpenes. Large amounts of the aliphatic C6 lipid derivative, which contributes to the green note aromas, were in the fresh roselle, while only trace amounts were found in the frozen and air-dried samples. In the air-dried roselles, significant amounts of furfural and 5-methyl-2-furfural were formed, while only minimal amounts were detected in the fresh samples. There were no obvious changes in phenolic derivatives (eugenol) among the four samples. Terpenoid and oxide could also be isolated after distillation extraction. The drying process reduced them dramatically, especially the amount of α-terpineol, linalool oxide, and limonene. Principal component analysis (PCA) confirmed that characteristic roselle tea aromas depend upon a subtle quantitative balance of various components. A combination of the terpene derivatives with fragrance notes and the sugar derivatives with a caramel-like odor are responsible for the roselle aroma.

10.1021/jf970720y

https://doi.org/10.1021/jf970720y

Food Science and Technology

2021-07-16

LIU, Hua; CHEN, Wei; LI, Rui-Ting

Abstract Hibiscus Sabdariffa L. has important nutritional and medicinal value. Currently, a safe process extraction of reducing sugar from Hibiscus Sabdariffa L. calyx by biological complex enzyme system is seldom investigated. In this experiment, the pectinase and cellulase complex enzyme system was used to optimize the enzymatic hydrolysis of Hibiscus Sabdariffa L. and Box behnken was used to design the experiment. The results showed that there was significant difference in enzymolysis effect of Hibiscus Sabdariffa L under different conditions (p < 0.05). When the enzymolysis temperature was 45 °C, pH 4.5, and the mass volume ratio of material to liquid was 5g:100ml, the optimum conditions were obtained by response surface methodology: the addition amount of pectinase and cellulase complex enzyme was 0.011 g/kg, the ratio of mixed enzyme was 1.36:1, the enzymolysis time was 2.09 h, and the reducing sugar content of Hibiscus Sabdariffa L extract was 3.56 mg/ml. The experimental results of reducing sugar content of Hibiscus Sabdariffa L (3.54 ± 0.1mg / ml) were in good agreement with the predicted value of the equation fitted by response surface. The mixed enzyme system of pectinase and cellulase has the advantages of environmental protection and energy saving, which can provide guidance for industrial production.

10.1590/fst.38621

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/353304033_Research_on_complex_enzyme_system_to_extract_Hibiscus_Sabdariffa_L_reducing_sugar#:~:text=Currently%2C%20a%20safe%20process%20extraction%20of%20reducing%20sugar,Box%20behnken%20was%20used%20to%20design%20the%20experiment.

Food Science and Technology

2021-07-16

LIU, Hua; CHEN, Wei; LI, Rui-Ting

Abstract Hibiscus Sabdariffa L. has important nutritional and medicinal value. Currently, a safe process extraction of reducing sugar from Hibiscus Sabdariffa L. calyx by biological complex enzyme system is seldom investigated. In this experiment, the pectinase and cellulase complex enzyme system was used to optimize the enzymatic hydrolysis of Hibiscus Sabdariffa L. and Box behnken was used to design the experiment. The results showed that there was significant difference in enzymolysis effect of Hibiscus Sabdariffa L under different conditions (p < 0.05). When the enzymolysis temperature was 45 °C, pH 4.5, and the mass volume ratio of material to liquid was 5g:100ml, the optimum conditions were obtained by response surface methodology: the addition amount of pectinase and cellulase complex enzyme was 0.011 g/kg, the ratio of mixed enzyme was 1.36:1, the enzymolysis time was 2.09 h, and the reducing sugar content of Hibiscus Sabdariffa L extract was 3.56 mg/ml. The experimental results of reducing sugar content of Hibiscus Sabdariffa L (3.54 ± 0.1mg / ml) were in good agreement with the predicted value of the equation fitted by response surface. The mixed enzyme system of pectinase and cellulase has the advantages of environmental protection and energy saving, which can provide guidance for industrial production.

10.1590/fst.38621

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/353304033_Research_on_complex_enzyme_system_to_extract_Hibiscus_Sabdariffa_L_reducing_sugar#:~:text=Currently%2C%20a%20safe%20process%20extraction%20of%20reducing%20sugar,Box%20behnken%20was%20used%20to%20design%20the%20experiment.

The Open Food Science Journal

2010-12-21

Broomes, Jacklyn; Badrie, Neela

Effects of Low-Methoxyl Pectin on Physicochemical and Sensory Properties of Reduced- Calorie Sorrel/ Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) Jams

10.2174/1874256401004010048

https://benthamopen.com/ABSTRACT/TOFSJ-4-48

Food and Chemical Toxicology

2018-03-01

Maciel, Laércio Galvão; do Carmo, Mariana Araújo Vieira; Azevedo, Luciana; Daguer, Heitor; Molognoni, Luciano; de Almeida, Mereci Mendes; Granato, Daniel; Rosso, Neiva Deliberali

Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx is a rich source of anthocyanins and other bioactive compounds but no study reported the effects of experimental conditions on the extraction of these chemical compounds. Therefore, the effects of time and extraction temperature on the bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx were evaluated. In addition, the effects of copigmentation and pH on the stability of anthocyanins were assessed and the cytotoxic effects (LC50, IC50, and GC50) of the extracts were determined in relation to tumor cell lines – Caco-2, HepG-2, HCT8, and A549. The temperature significantly influenced the total anthocyanins and flavonoids contents. The interaction between time/temperature influenced the total phenolic content and ascorbic acid. The t1/2 and the percentage of colour retention decreased markedly at temperatures above 80 °C. Variations in pH conserved the antioxidant activity of the anthocyanins, and the protonation-deprotonation process of the extract was reversible. The treatment of cells with purified anthocyanin extract or crude extracts at 5–800 μg mL−1 did not show significant cytotoxic effects on the cell lines, corroborating the chemical antioxidant effect of the extracts (DPPH assay). Cyanidin-3-glucoside, delphinidin-3-sambubioside, delphinidin-3-glucoside, and cyanidin-3-sambubioside were identified in the extracts by LC-ESI-MS.

10.1016/j.fct.2018.01.053

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S027869151830053X

Processes

2023-03

Rizkiyah, Dwila Nur; Putra, Nicky Rahmana; Idham, Zuhaili; Aziz, Ahmad Hazim Abdul; Che Yunus, Mohd Azizi; Veza, Ibham; Irianto; Chinedu Mamah, Stanley; Qomariyah, Lailatul

Anthocyanins are one of the bioactive compounds in roselle that has many medicinal proposes. Anthocyanins are placed in the inner part of the roselle; therefore, combinations of two methods were applied to extract the anthocyanins. The first stage is employing supercritical carbon dioxide (ScCO2) to break the particle surface or outer layer of the roselle based on the total phenolic compounds (TPC) recovery, and the second step was to apply subcritical water extraction (SWE) for the extraction of anthocyanins. The objective is to determine the best conditions to obtain high yields of total anthocyanins compounds (TAC) from the roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) by employing a combination of ScCO2 and SWE. The optimal conditions of ScCO2 (first stage) were 19.13 MPa, 60 °C, and 4.31 mL/min, yielding 18.20%, and 80.34 mg/100 g TPC, respectively. The optimum conditions of SWE (second stage) were 9.48 MPa, 137 °C, and 6.14 mL/min, yielding 86.11% and 1224.61 mg/100 g TAC, respectively. The application of integrated ScCO2 and SWE proved successful in achieving high anthocyanins production and yield as compared to previous extraction methods. This approach may be used to extract the roselle with a greater anthocyanin’s concentration than the prior method.

10.3390/pr11030751

https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/11/3/751

2016-01-01

Tavakolifar, F.; Givianrad, Mohammad Hadi; Saber-Tehrani, Mohammad

The purpose of this study is investigation of anthocyanins extracted from samples of Hibiscus sabdariffa and assessment of antioxidant properties in extra virgin olive oil with Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). Anthocyanins extracted using by three methods, solvent, soxhlet and microwave. Solvent extraction was preferred the best and most efficient method. Moreover, sugar elimination in purification process could be so vital, which in this study a developed and innovative method was applied for removing sugars from extract using cellulose powder and silica gel, that were self fabricated as the solid phases by special manner. The antioxidant activity of extracts in concentrations of 500, 1000, 1500, 2000 ppm added to extra virgin olive oil were analyzed by DSC. The obtained results show the concentration 2000 ppm of Hibiscus extract was selected as the optimum, since the oxidation temperature was raised from 164.29 °C to 176.42 °C.

Biochemical Pharmacology

2000-08-01

Tseng, T. H.; Kao, T. W.; Chu, C. Y.; Chou, F. P.; Lin, W. L.; Wang, C. J.

Hibiscus protocatechuic acid (PCA), a phenolic compound isolated from the dried flower of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (Malvaceae), demonstrated antioxidant and antitumor promotion effects in our previous study. In the present study, Hibiscus PCA was found to inhibit the survival of human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. The study revealed that HL-60 cells underwent internucleosomal DNA fragmentation and morphological changes characteristic of apoptosis after a 9-hr treatment with Hibiscus PCA (2 mM). Flow cytometric analysis of the DNA content of cells treated with PCA for 12 hr showed that the cells were distributed mainly in the hypodiploid phase (apoptotic peak, 46.7%), less in the G(1) (34.2%) and S phase (14.0%), and few in the G(2)/M phase (5.1%). Moreover, PCA treatment caused an increase in the level of hypophosphorylated retinoblastoma (RB; 180% of control at the 6-hr time point) and, on the contrary, a decline in hyperphosphorylated RB. A rapid loss of RB was observed when the treatment period was extended. Further studies showed that Hibiscus PCA application reduced Bcl-2 protein expression to 47%, and increased Bax protein expression to 181% after 1.5 hr as compared with time 0. Overexpression of Bcl-2 in HL-60 cells delayed the occurrence of Hibiscus PCA-induced apoptosis. These data suggest that Hibiscus PCA is an apoptosis inducer in human leukemia cells, and that RB phosphorylation and Bcl-2 protein may play a crucial role in the early stage.

10.1016/s0006-2952(00)00322-1

Chemico-Biological Interactions

1996-08-14

Tseng, T. H.; Wang, C. J.; Kao, E. S.; Chu, H. Y.

Hibiscus protocatechuic acid (PCA), a simple phenolic compound isolated from Hibiscus sabdariffa L., was studied for its protective effects against oxidative damage induced by tert-butylhydroperoxide (t-BHP) in a primary culture of rat hepatocytes. It had been reported that exposure of isolated hepatocytes to t-BHP results in leakage of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alanine transaminase (ALT), peroxidation of cellular lipids, and depolarization of mitochondria. The present investigations showed that PCA at concentrations of 0.05 mg/ml and 0.10 mg/ml significantly decreased the leakage of LDH (P < 0.01) and ALT (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01) and the formation of malondialdehyde (MDA; P < 0.05 and P < 0.01) induced by 30-min treatment with t-BHP (1.5 mM) in primary cultured rat hepatocytes. PCA also attenuated t-BHP (0.10 mM) induced mitochondrial depolarization as determined by a retention test of rhodamine 123 and DNA repair synthesis as evidenced by unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS). In addition, PCA exhibited an effective ability to quench 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals (DPPH). In conclusion, PCA demonstrated protective effects against cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of hepatocytes induced by t-BHP. One of mechanisms of PCA’s protective effect may be associated with its property of scavenging free radicals.

10.1016/0009-2797(96)03721-0

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8760395/

Cancer Letters

1998-04-24

Tseng, T. H.; Hsu, J. D.; Lo, M. H.; Chu, C. Y.; Chou, F. P.; Huang, C. L.; Wang, C. J.

Hibiscus protocatechuic acid (PCA), a phenolic acid isolated from Hibiscus sabdariffa L., was evaluated for its ability to inhibit the 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced promotion in skin tumors of female CD-1 mice. Topical application of PCA (5, 10 or 20 micromol) 5 min prior to TPA (15 nmol) treatment twice weekly for 20 weeks to mice which were initiated with benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) inhibited the incidence of tumors in mice to 81.3, 62.5 and 56.3%, respectively, while all mice in the TPA-treated group developed tumors. The average number of tumors in mice pretreated with PCA was 2-4 and that of mice treated only with TPA was 6.6. The protection effects of PCA were also presented by its significant suppression on the TPA-induced hyperplasia in the skin and edema of mouse ears by 65 and 73% at doses of 10 and 20 micromol, respectively. When it was applied to the dorsal surface of CD-1 mice before TPA application, PCA (5, 10 or 20 micromol) inhibited the induction of epidermal ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity by 5 nmol TPA and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity by 6.5 nmol TPA. The same doses of PCA also reduced the formation of hydrogen peroxide in the mouse skin to an inhibition of 61, 84 and 89%, respectively, when compared with that of the TPA-treated group. These results indicate that PCA possesses potential as a cancer chemopreventive agent against tumor promotion.

10.1016/s0304-3835(98)00010-x

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry

2011-09-28

Peng, Chiung-Huei; Chyau, Charng-Cherng; Chan, Kuei-Chuan; Chan, Tsung-Hsien; Wang, Chau-Jong; Huang, Chien-Ning

1. sabdariffa polyphenolic extract (HPE) was demonstrated to inhibit high glucose-stimulated cellular changes. In this study, we analyzed the composition of HPE and used a type 2 diabetic rat model to test its protective effect. At least 18 phenolic compounds were found in HPE. Treatment with HPE reduced hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia, especially at the dose of 200 mg/kg. HPE decreased serum triacylglycerol, cholesterol, and the ratio of low density lipoprotein/high density lipoprotein (LDL/HDL). Diabetes promoted plasma advanced glycation end product (AGE) formation and lipid peroxidation, while HPE significantly reduced these elevations. Immunohistological observation revealed that HPE inhibited the expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and receptor of AGE (RAGE), which was increased in type 2 diabetic aortic regions. Furthermore, HPE recovered the weight loss found in type 2 diabetic rats. In conclusion, we demonstrated the anti-insulin resistance properties of HPE and its effect on hypoglycemia, hypolipidemia, and antioxidation. HPE has the potential to be an adjuvant for diabetic therapy.

10.1021/jf2022379

https://doi.org/10.1021/jf2022379

 Jams

The Open Food Science Journal

2010-12-21

Broomes, Jacklyn; Badrie, Neela

Effects of Low-Methoxyl Pectin on Physicochemical and Sensory Properties of Reduced- Calorie Sorrel/ Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) Jams

10.2174/1874256401004010048

https://benthamopen.com/ABSTRACT/TOFSJ-4-48

Biochemical Pharmacology

2000-08-01

Tseng, T. H.; Kao, T. W.; Chu, C. Y.; Chou, F. P.; Lin, W. L.; Wang, C. J.

Hibiscus protocatechuic acid (PCA), a phenolic compound isolated from the dried flower of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (Malvaceae), demonstrated antioxidant and antitumor promotion effects in our previous study. In the present study, Hibiscus PCA was found to inhibit the survival of human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. The study revealed that HL-60 cells underwent internucleosomal DNA fragmentation and morphological changes characteristic of apoptosis after a 9-hr treatment with Hibiscus PCA (2 mM). Flow cytometric analysis of the DNA content of cells treated with PCA for 12 hr showed that the cells were distributed mainly in the hypodiploid phase (apoptotic peak, 46.7%), less in the G(1) (34.2%) and S phase (14.0%), and few in the G(2)/M phase (5.1%). Moreover, PCA treatment caused an increase in the level of hypophosphorylated retinoblastoma (RB; 180% of control at the 6-hr time point) and, on the contrary, a decline in hyperphosphorylated RB. A rapid loss of RB was observed when the treatment period was extended. Further studies showed that Hibiscus PCA application reduced Bcl-2 protein expression to 47%, and increased Bax protein expression to 181% after 1.5 hr as compared with time 0. Overexpression of Bcl-2 in HL-60 cells delayed the occurrence of Hibiscus PCA-induced apoptosis. These data suggest that Hibiscus PCA is an apoptosis inducer in human leukemia cells, and that RB phosphorylation and Bcl-2 protein may play a crucial role in the early stage.

10.1016/s0006-2952(00)00322-1

Chemico-Biological Interactions

1996-08-14

Tseng, T. H.; Wang, C. J.; Kao, E. S.; Chu, H. Y.

Hibiscus protocatechuic acid (PCA), a simple phenolic compound isolated from Hibiscus sabdariffa L., was studied for its protective effects against oxidative damage induced by tert-butylhydroperoxide (t-BHP) in a primary culture of rat hepatocytes. It had been reported that exposure of isolated hepatocytes to t-BHP results in leakage of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alanine transaminase (ALT), peroxidation of cellular lipids, and depolarization of mitochondria. The present investigations showed that PCA at concentrations of 0.05 mg/ml and 0.10 mg/ml significantly decreased the leakage of LDH (P < 0.01) and ALT (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01) and the formation of malondialdehyde (MDA; P < 0.05 and P < 0.01) induced by 30-min treatment with t-BHP (1.5 mM) in primary cultured rat hepatocytes. PCA also attenuated t-BHP (0.10 mM) induced mitochondrial depolarization as determined by a retention test of rhodamine 123 and DNA repair synthesis as evidenced by unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS). In addition, PCA exhibited an effective ability to quench 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals (DPPH). In conclusion, PCA demonstrated protective effects against cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of hepatocytes induced by t-BHP. One of mechanisms of PCA’s protective effect may be associated with its property of scavenging free radicals.

10.1016/0009-2797(96)03721-0

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8760395/

Cancer Letters

1998-04-24

Tseng, T. H.; Hsu, J. D.; Lo, M. H.; Chu, C. Y.; Chou, F. P.; Huang, C. L.; Wang, C. J.

Hibiscus protocatechuic acid (PCA), a phenolic acid isolated from Hibiscus sabdariffa L., was evaluated for its ability to inhibit the 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced promotion in skin tumors of female CD-1 mice. Topical application of PCA (5, 10 or 20 micromol) 5 min prior to TPA (15 nmol) treatment twice weekly for 20 weeks to mice which were initiated with benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) inhibited the incidence of tumors in mice to 81.3, 62.5 and 56.3%, respectively, while all mice in the TPA-treated group developed tumors. The average number of tumors in mice pretreated with PCA was 2-4 and that of mice treated only with TPA was 6.6. The protection effects of PCA were also presented by its significant suppression on the TPA-induced hyperplasia in the skin and edema of mouse ears by 65 and 73% at doses of 10 and 20 micromol, respectively. When it was applied to the dorsal surface of CD-1 mice before TPA application, PCA (5, 10 or 20 micromol) inhibited the induction of epidermal ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity by 5 nmol TPA and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity by 6.5 nmol TPA. The same doses of PCA also reduced the formation of hydrogen peroxide in the mouse skin to an inhibition of 61, 84 and 89%, respectively, when compared with that of the TPA-treated group. These results indicate that PCA possesses potential as a cancer chemopreventive agent against tumor promotion.

10.1016/s0304-3835(98)00010-x

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry

2011-09-28

Peng, Chiung-Huei; Chyau, Charng-Cherng; Chan, Kuei-Chuan; Chan, Tsung-Hsien; Wang, Chau-Jong; Huang, Chien-Ning

1. sabdariffa polyphenolic extract (HPE) was demonstrated to inhibit high glucose-stimulated cellular changes. In this study, we analyzed the composition of HPE and used a type 2 diabetic rat model to test its protective effect. At least 18 phenolic compounds were found in HPE. Treatment with HPE reduced hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia, especially at the dose of 200 mg/kg. HPE decreased serum triacylglycerol, cholesterol, and the ratio of low density lipoprotein/high density lipoprotein (LDL/HDL). Diabetes promoted plasma advanced glycation end product (AGE) formation and lipid peroxidation, while HPE significantly reduced these elevations. Immunohistological observation revealed that HPE inhibited the expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and receptor of AGE (RAGE), which was increased in type 2 diabetic aortic regions. Furthermore, HPE recovered the weight loss found in type 2 diabetic rats. In conclusion, we demonstrated the anti-insulin resistance properties of HPE and its effect on hypoglycemia, hypolipidemia, and antioxidation. HPE has the potential to be an adjuvant for diabetic therapy.

10.1021/jf2022379

https://doi.org/10.1021/jf2022379

Molecules

2022-01

Sedillo-Torres, Ixchell Y.; Hernández-Rangel, Álvaro O.; Gómez-y-Gómez, Yolanda; Cortés-Avalos, Daniel; García-Pérez, Blanca Estela; Villalobos-Rocha, Juan C.; Hernández-Rodríguez, César H.; Zepeda-Vallejo, Luis Gerardo; Estrada-de los Santos, Paulina; Vargas-Díaz, María Elena; Ibarra, Jose Antonio

Extracts of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (commonly called Rosselle or “Jamaica flower” in Mexico) have been shown to have antibiotic and antivirulence properties in several bacteria. Here, an organic extract of H. sabdariffa L. is shown to inhibit motility in Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi and Typhimurium. The compound responsible for this effect was purified and found to be the hibiscus acid. When tested, this compound also inhibited motility and reduced the secretion of both flagellin and type III secretion effectors. Purified hibiscus acid was not toxic in tissue-cultured eukaryotic cells, and it was able to reduce the invasion of Salmonella Typhimurium in epithelial cells. Initial steps to understand its mode of action showed it might affect membrane proton balance.

Molecules | Free Full-Text | Hibiscus Acid from Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Inhibits Flagellar Motility and Cell Invasion in Salmonella enterica

https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/3/655

Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology

2021-07-01

Diyah, Nuzul W.; Isnaeni; Hidayati, Shabrina W.; Purwanto, Bambang T.; Siswandono

Objectives This study was purposed to design gossypetin derivatives which have higher activity than the parent compound found in Hibiscus sabdariffa and to find the most potent compound as the antibacterial agent. Methods Twenty-five gossypetin derivatives were designed by conjugation the molecular structure of gossypetin with acyl group from some natural phenolic acids. The antibacterial activity was predicted by docking simulation on Escherischia coli DNA gyrase (PDB. 1KZN) which was performed by Molegro Virtual Docker. Potency as an antibacterial agent was evaluated based on binding affinity, hydrogen bond, and similarity of binding pattern with reference ligand Clorobiocin. Results Almost all derivatives showed higher binding affinity than gossypetin (docking score −113.43 kcal/mol). The most active compound was 3G19 with docking score −167.42 kcal/mol which was comparable to clorobiocin (docking score −167.75 kcal/mol). The compounds displaying higher activity than gossypetin were belonged to 7,4′-dimethyl and 3,7,4′-trimethylgossypetin of coumaric acid, caffeic acid, and also ferulic acid. The compounds showed similar binding mode with clorobiocin especially in interaction with Asn46. Conclusions Gossypetin derivatives designed by conjugating the gossypetin with phenolic acyl increased in silico antibacterial activity of the parent compound. The 3,7,4′-trimethylgossypetin of coumaric acid was selected as the most potent compound for antibacterial agents.

10.1515/jbcpp-2020-0455

https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/jbcpp-2020-0455/html

International journal of Biomedical science

2013-12

Ademiluyi, Adedayo; Oboh, Ganiyu; Agbebi, Oluwaseun; Akinyemi, Ayodele

This study sought to investigate the protective effect of dietary inclusion of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx red dye on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity and antioxidant status in rats. Adult male rats were randomly divided into four groups of six animals each. Groups I and II were fed basal diet while groups III and IV were fed diets containing 0.5% and 1% of the dye respectively for 20 days prior to cisplatin administration. Nephrotoxicity was induced by a single dose intraperitoneal administration of cisplatin (7 mg/kg b.w) and the experiment was terminated 3 days after. The kidney and plasma were studied for nephrotoxicity and oxidative stress indices. Cisplatin administration caused a significant (P<0.05) increase in creatinine, uric acid, urea, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels as well as kidney malondialdehyde (MDA) content, with concomitant decrease in kidney vitamin C and GSH contents. Furthermore, activities of kidney antioxidant enzymes such as, SOD, Catalase, and GST were significantly (P<0.05) altered in cisplatin administered rats. However, consumption of diets supplemented with the dye for 20 days prior to cisplatin administration protected the kidney and attenuates oxidative stress through modulation of in vivo antioxidant status. The determined anthocyanin content of the dye is 121.5 mg Cyanidin-3-rutinoside equivalent/100 g, thus, the observed nephroprotective effect of H. sabdariffa dye could be attributed to its anthocyanin content. (Int J Biomed Sci 2013; 9 (4): 243-248)

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24711761/

Food & Nutrition Research

2017-08-13

Khoo, Hock Eng; Azlan, Azrina; Tang, Sou Teng; Lim, See Meng

Anthocyanins are colored water-soluble pigments belonging to the phenolic group. The pigments are in glycosylated forms. Anthocyanins responsible for the colors, red, purple, and blue, are in fruits and vegetables. Berries, currants, grapes, and some tropical fruits have high anthocyanins content. Red to purplish blue-colored leafy vegetables, grains, roots, and tubers are the edible vegetables that contain a high level of anthocyanins. Among the anthocyanin pigments, cyanidin-3-glucoside is the major anthocyanin found in most of the plants. The colored anthocyanin pigments have been traditionally used as a natural food colorant. The color and stability of these pigments are influenced by pH, light, temperature, and structure. In acidic condition, anthocyanins appear as red but turn blue when the pH increases. Chromatography has been largely applied in extraction, separation, and quantification of anthocyanins. Besides the use of anthocyanidins and anthocyanins as natural dyes, these colored pigments are potential pharmaceutical ingredients that give various beneficial health effects. Scientific studies, such as cell culture studies, animal models, and human clinical trials, show that anthocyanidins and anthocyanins possess antioxidative and antimicrobial activities, improve visual and neurological health, and protect against various non-communicable diseases. These studies confer the health effects of anthocyanidins and anthocyanins, which are due to their potent antioxidant properties. Different mechanisms and pathways are involved in the protective effects, including free-radical scavenging pathway, cyclooxygenase pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, and inflammatory cytokines signaling. Therefore, this review focuses on the role of anthocyanidins and anthocyanins as natural food colorants and their nutraceutical properties for health. Abbreviations : CVD: Cardiovascular disease VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor

https://foodandnutritionresearch.net/index.php/fnr/article/view/1257

Nutrients

2017-08

Herranz-López, María; Olivares-Vicente, Mariló; Encinar, José Antonio; Barrajón-Catalán, Enrique; Segura-Carretero, Antonio; Joven, Jorge; Micol, Vicente

Improper diet can alter gene expression by breaking the energy balance equation and changing metabolic and oxidative stress biomarkers, which can result in the development of obesity-related metabolic disorders. The pleiotropic effects of dietary plant polyphenols are capable of counteracting by modulating different key molecular targets at the cell, as well as through epigenetic modifications. Hibiscus sabdariffa (HS)-derived polyphenols are known to ameliorate various obesity-related conditions. Recent evidence leads to propose the complex nature of the underlying mechanism of action. This multi-targeted mechanism includes the regulation of energy metabolism, oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways, transcription factors, hormones and peptides, digestive enzymes, as well as epigenetic modifications. This article reviews the accumulated evidence on the multiple anti-obesity effects of HS polyphenols in cell and animal models, as well as in humans, and its putative molecular targets. In silico studies reveal the capacity of several HS polyphenols to act as putative ligands for different digestive and metabolic enzymes, which may also deserve further attention. Therefore, a global approach including integrated and networked omics techniques, virtual screening and epigenetic analysis is necessary to fully understand the molecular mechanisms of HS polyphenols and metabolites involved, as well as their possible implications in the design of safe and effective polyphenolic formulations for obesity.

10.3390/nu9080907

https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/9/8/907

Biomedicines | Free Full-Text | Organic Acids from Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.)—A Brief Review of Its Pharmacological Effects

https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/8/5/100

Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems

2022

Banwo, Kolawole; Sanni, Abiodun; Sarkar, Dipayan; Ale, Oluwatosin; Shetty, Kalidas

Phenolics- enriched plant food sources are excellent dietary and therapeutic targets to combat the increasing prevalence of diet and lifestyle-influenced non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs), such as type 2 diabetes (T2D). Among plant sources, edible flowers rich in health protective phenolic compounds provide novel opportunities as ingredient and nutraceutical sources. Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn.) is a popular edible flower and consumed as part of traditional cuisines and processed foods in several countries of Asia and Africa. Red calyces of Roselle are rich in phenolic compounds, which potentially have high antioxidant and anti-hyperglycemic properties. Therefore, there is merit in screening of dried Roselle calyces as sources for functional food ingredients or nutraceuticals to counter chronic oxidative stress and chronic hyperglycemia using in vitro assays. This has led to this study to investigate and compare phenolic compounds associated antioxidant and anti-hyperglycemic functions of different organic solvent-extracted fractions of dried Roselle calyces using rapid in vitro assays-based screening strategy. Total soluble phenolic content, profile of phenolic compounds, free radical scavenging assay-based total antioxidant activity, and anti-hyperglycemic function linked α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of four different organic solvents (chloroform, hexane, ethyl acetate, and initial crude extraction in 100% methanol) extracted fractions of calyces of Roselle were determined using in vitro assays. Studies indicated high phenolic-linked antioxidant and anti-hyperglycemic relevant properties in red Roselle calyces, specifically in ethyl acetate and methanol solvent-based extracted fractions. Major phenolic compounds in extracted fractions of Roselle calyces were chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, gallic acid, catechin, rutin, benzoic acid, and cinnamic acid. Additionally, moderate α-amylase (30–92%) and very high α-glucosidase (81–98%) inhibitory activities were confirmed in undiluted samples of organic solvent-extracted fractions of Roselle calyces in the in vitro assays. Taken together these in vitro screening results indicated that calyces of Roselle are excellent sources of health protective phenolic compounds with high antioxidant and anti-hyperglycemic functions and organic solvent (ethyl acetate and methanol) extracted fractions of this edible flower can be strategically utilized to design functional food ingredients and nutraceuticals.

10.3389/fsufs.2022.660831

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsufs.2022.660831

Mediators of Inflammation

2016-06-16

Soto, María Elena; Zuñiga-Muñoz, Alejandra; Guarner Lans, Verónica; Duran-Hernández, Erendira Janet; Pérez-Torres, Israel

Marfan syndrome (MFS) is associated with progressive aortic dilatation, endothelial dysfunction, and oxidative stress that contribute to the early acute dissection of the vessel and can end up in rupture of the aorta and sudden death. Many studies have described that the organic acids from Hibiscus sabdariffa Linne (HSL) calyces increase cellular antioxidant capacity and decrease oxidative stress. Here we evaluate if the antioxidant properties of HSL infusion improve oxidative stress in MFS patients. Activities of extra cellular super oxide dismutase (ECSOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GSSG-R), glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxidation (LPO) index, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and ascorbic acid were determined in plasma from MFS patients. Values before and after 3 months of the treatment with 2% HSL infusion were compared in control and MFS subjects. After treatment, there was a significant decrease in ECSOD (), EGPx (), GST (), GSH (), and TAC and ascorbic acid () but GSSG-R activity () and LPO () were increased in MFS patients in comparison to patients receiving the HSL treatment and C subjects. Therefore, the infusion of HSL calyces has antioxidant properties that allow an increase in antioxidant capacity of both the enzymatic and nonenzymatic systems, in the plasma of the MSF patients.

10.1155/2016/8625203

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/mi/2016/8625203/

Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture

2010

Liu, Liang-Chih; Wang, Chau-Jong; Lee, Ching-Chih; Su, Sheng-Chi; Chen, Huei-Lin; Hsu, Jen-Dong; Lee, Huei-Jane

BACKGROUND: Acetaminophen (AAP)-induced oxidative stress can cause cell death to induce liver damage. The antioxidant effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (HS) was shown in previous studies. In this study the effect of HS extract (HSE) on AAP-induced liver injury in BALB/c mice was investigated. RESULTS: In vivo, BALB/c mice were fed orally with 200, 400 or 600 mg kg−1 HSE for 2 weeks and then injected with 1000 mg kg−1 AAP. Pretreatment with HSE decreased lipid peroxidation and increased catalase activity and glutathione level. It also decreased AAP-induced liver injury, accompanied by decreased expression of pJNK, Bax and tBid in the liver. Additionally, HSE protected BALB/c normal liver cells from AAP-induced damage in vitro. CONCLUSION: It has been demonstrated that HSE can protect the mouse liver from AAP-induced injury and that the protective mechanism might involve decreasing oxidative stress and reducing cell death. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry

10.1002/jsfa.3821

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jsfa.3821

Drug and Chemical Toxicology: Vol 34, No 2

https://informahealthcare.com/doi/abs/10.3109/01480545.2010.536767

Journal of Medicine and Life

2022-10

Rambe, Puspita Sari; Putra, Imam Budi; Yosi, Ariyati

Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) belongs to the genus Hibiscus with proven anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. Scientific evidence associated roselle content with bioactive compounds, such as phenolic acids, flavonoids, and anthocyanin. Most studies focused on their petals, while research on leaf extract on wound healing has never been done. This study aimed to assess the effect of roselle leaf extract on wound healing in rats. This was an experimental laboratory study with a posttest-only control group design. There were 30 rats divided into 5 groups: negative control, 5%, 10%, and 15% roselle leaf extract, and positive control (bioplacenton). The parameters assessed in this research were wound size and histological assessment. The data were analyzed using ANOVA. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Wound healing percentage and epithelial thickness in the 15% group were the largest (84.17%; 64.69 µm). The lowest value was recorded in placebo (64%; 36.33 µm). Meanwhile, wound healing percentage and epithelial thickness of rats in the 5% and 10% groups were 68.53%, 43,57 µm, and 78.11%, 56.49 µm, respectively. Finally, positive control had a 77.44% wound healing percentage and 49.7 µm epithelial thickness. There were no significant differences in wound healing and epithelial thickness among the groups. Roselle leaf extract at 15% concentration showed greater wound healing properties based on clinical and histological assessment. Although there were no statistically significant differences, roselle leaf showed an opportunity to be further investigated as a potential wound healing therapy.

10.25122/jml-2021-0425

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36420282/

Scientia Pharmaceutica

2022-06-30

Khalil, Rania; Yahya, Galal; Abdo, Walied; El-Tanbouly, Ghada; Johar, Dina; Abdel-Halim, Mahmoud; Eissa, Hanan; Magheru, Calin; Saber, Sameh; Cavalu, Simona

Wound healing comprises organized events involving tissue repair and regeneration. The discovery of toll-like receptors (TLRs) sheds recent light on the mechanisms involved in initiating inflammatory responses throughout the healing cascades. Hibiscus sabdariffa (HS) components may exhibit a wound healing action, owing to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. This study was designed to investigate the early effects of HS loaded in an ointment base on wound healing, antioxidant, antimicrobial effects, burning intensity, and histopathological features on the rat burn model in comparison to the standard treatment, Iruxol® ointment. A burn injury model was used to evaluate the wound healing potency of the preparation. Rats were treated with ointments three times on the day of the induction of the burn. Findings revealed that the strong antioxidant properties of the HS-loaded ointment augmented the skin healing potential by stimulating biomarkers required for skin regeneration. HS repressed the burning-induced inflammation by the effective reduction in the levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and IL-6 through TLR4 protein inhibition. Topical HS downregulates transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) levels. HS extract possesses a potential bactericidal activity against highly resistant clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Overall, this study proclaims that HS-loaded topical preparations could be a valuable product that serves as adjuvants to accelerate burn wound healing through inactivating the TLR4 pathway.

https://doi.org/10.3390/scipharm90030041

https://www.mdpi.com/2218-0532/90/3/41

Ciencia, Ambiente y Clima

Academic Journals of the Instituto Tecnológico de Santo Domingo

2020

Coello, Franklin; Peraza-Marrero, María; Ramirez-Azuaje, Doralys; Orosco-Vargas, Corymar; Pinto-Catari, Ibis

Hibiscus sabdariffa-based infusions or drinks are characterized by their high content of bioactive compounds that provide them with an antioxidant capacity that is of great interest in the scientific world. The research consisted in evaluating the antioxidant effect of an aqueous extract of H. sabdariffa, by inducing Saccharomyces cerevisiae to an oxidative stress due to the presence of hydrogen peroxide. The Folin-Ciocalteu method was used for the determination of total phenols in the extract. To evaluate the antioxidant capacity, the extract was diluted, a concentration of 4.5 106 cells/mL of S. cerevisiae was adjusted, and then aliquots of pure and diluted extract were added. Oxidative stress inhibition was observed in each of the assays with statistical difference, relative to the positive control. These results show that H. sabdariffa has an antioxidant capacity that favors the biological activity of S. cerevisiae, contributing to the decrease of the levels of reactive oxygen species and minimizing oxidative damage.

https://revistas.intec.edu.do/index.php/cienacli/article/view/1802

Sains Malaysiana

2020-10-31

Mohammed Yusof, Nur Liyana; Tengku Affendi, Tengku Nurul Tasnim; Jubaidi, Fatin Farhana; Zainalabidin, Satirah; Budin, Siti Balkis

Cardiac mitochondrial damage plays a crucial role in the initiation of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. (roselle) has been proven to prevent various pathological conditions, however it remains unclear whether roselle extract can attenuate diabetes-induced mitochondrial damage. This study aimed to investigate whether roselle polyphenol-rich extract (HPE) is able to ameliorate hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage in diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by a single dose of streptozotocin (55 mg kg-1, intraperitoneally); and diabetic rats were then orally fed with 100 mg kg-1 of HPE (DM+Roselle) or 150 mg kg-1 of Metformin (DM+MET) daily for 4 weeks. Meanwhile, the control and untreated diabetic (DM) groups were only orally given normal saline. After 4 weeks of treatment, the results showed that DM+Roselle group significantly improved blood glucose level and lipid profile status (p<0.05) compared to the DM group. DM+Roselle group also had significantly (p<0.05) lower the level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and advanced oxidation protein product (AOPP) in cardiac homogenate than the DM group. HPE supplementation also significantly improved activities of total superoxide dismutase (SOD), SOD-2, catalase (CAT) and level of reduced glutathione (GSH) of the cardiac homogenate. Complex I activity of mitochondria respiratory chain also decreased significantly (p<0.05) in DM+Roselle group as compared to the DM group. Observations using electron microscope showed that mitochondria in the DM+Roselle group appeared more organized compared to the DM group. In conclusion, these results highlight the potential of HPE as a protective agent against oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage in diabetic condition.

10.17576/jsm-2020-4910-15

http://www.ukm.edu.my/jsm/pdf_files/SM-PDF-49-10-2020/15.pdf

Applied Food Research

2022-12-01

Agunbiade, H. O.; Fagbemi, T. N.; Aderinola, T. A.

In an attempt to develop functional beverage that is health promoting, this study was carried out to investigate the antioxidant potential of beverages (powders) developed from green/roasted coffee and Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx. Green coffee beans were roasted; graded blends of green or roasted coffee beans were blended with graded amount of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx and assessed for total phenolics, flavonoids, antioxidant properties, sensory qualities and proximate composition in the laboratory. The results showed that all the beverages exhibited good antioxidant properties with total phenolic ranging between 36.26–351.35 mg GAE/g, total flavonoids 13.74–104.05 mg QE/g, FRAP 30.30–175.89 mg GAE/g, ABTS 14.45–42.65%, DPPH 92.23–95.39%. The proximate composition, moisture content 4.62–11.55, total ash 4.74–8.00, crude fat 11.88–14.31, crude fiber 8.25–10.64, crude protein 4.32–9.51, 53.62–57.66. The sample made from 70% Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx and 30% green coffee powder showed the highest antioxidant properties comparable with standard antioxidant agent having total phenol of 351.351 mg GAE/g, total flavonoids 104.05 mg QE/g, FRAP 175.89 mg GAE/g, ABTS 42.65%, DPPH 95.39%. These findings showed that the blends have the potential to serve as a source of natural antioxidant and can stabilize free radicals. Hence can serve as a functional beverage.

10.1016/j.afres.2022.100163

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772502222001238

2021-12

Abdul Latif, Reem

Breast cancer is a major threat worldwide. Hibiscus sabdariffa is widely consumed as beverage in sub-Saharan Africa for its anticancer potential. The present study therefore aimed at scientifically verifying its anticancer effect in rats. For this, 48 Wistar rats (∼55 days) were treated either with tamoxifen at 3.3 mg/kg BW (standard) or with a decoction of H. sabdariffa (125, 250, and 500 mg/kg BW) or distilled water (vehicle). Breast cancer was induced by a single dose of 50 mg/kg of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA). At the end of the 21 weeks of treatment, the tumor incidence, tumor morphology, histopathology, as well as some biochemical parameters in the tumors were assessed. As a result, 86% of DMBA’s rats developed mammary tumors. The H. sabdariffa extract (125 and 250 mg/kg) reduced tumor incidence by 63% and 75%, respectively; inhibited tumor burden by 84.86% and 38.78%, respectively, and decreased tumor volume by more than 72% compared to the DMBA group. It also protected rats against DMBA-induced diffuse breast neoplasia, and the optimal effect was recorded at 125 mg/kg. Furthermore, it significantly increases the SOD activity and decreases the MDA level. In summary, H. sabdariffa has antibreast tumor and antioxidant properties in rats, which could justify its common use to treat cancer.

https://researchrepository.rmit.edu.au/esploro/outputs/graduate/Evaluation-of-antioxidant-properties-and-quantification/9922126357301341

Phytotherapy Research

2019-12-12

Zhang, Boxun; Yue, Rensong; Wang, Ying; Wang, Lizhen; Chin, Jiawei; Huang, Xiaoying; Jiang, Yayi

This study aimed to assess the efficacy of Hibiscus sabdariffa (Roselle) in regulating blood lipids among patients with metabolic syndrome and related disorders. PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, and Clinical Trials were searched to identify the randomised controlled trials meeting the inclusion criteria. Study selection, data extraction, and risk assessment were performed according to Cochrane handbook; available data were analysed using STATA 15.0 software. Eventually, nine trials involving 503 participants were included in this meta-analysis. The results showed that compared with the control group, H. sabdariffa supplementation could reduce total cholesterol (WMD = −14.66; 95% CI [−18.22, −11.10]; p = .000; I2 = 46.9%) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (WMD = −9.46; 95% CI [−14.93, −3.99]; p = .001; I2 = 50.1%) but could not effectively reduce triglyceride (WMD = −0.77; 95% CI [−7.87, 6.33]; p = 0.832; I2 = 0%). Meanwhile, there were no serious adverse reactions reported in the included studies. To summarise, current evidence suggests that the benefits of H. sabdariffa supplementation to patients with metabolic diseases are associated with its cholesterol-lowering effects; however, more high-quality clinical trials are needed to confirm these results.

https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.6592

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ptr.6592

Journal of Cellular Physiology

2019-03

Joshi, Tanuj; Singh, Amit Kumar; Haratipour, Pouya; Sah, Archana Negi; Pandey, Abhay K.; Naseri, Rozita; Juyal, Vijay; Farzaei, Mohammad H.

Diabetes affects a large population of the world. Lifestyle, obesity, dietary habits, and genetic factors contribute to this metabolic disease. A target pathway to control diabetes is the 5′-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway. AMPK is a heterotrimeric protein with α, β, and γ subunits. In several studies, AMPK activation enhanced glucose uptake into cells and inhibited intracellular glucose production. Impairment of AMPK activity is present in diabetes, according to some studies. Drugs used in the treatment of diabetes, such as metformin, are also known to act through regulation of AMPK. Thus, drugs that activate and regulate AMPK are potential candidates for the treatment of diabetes. In addition, many patients encounter important adverse effects, like hypoglycemia, while using allopathic drugs. As a result, the investigation of plant-derived natural drugs that lack adverse side effects and treat diabetes is necessary. Natural products like berberine, quercetin, resveratrol, and so forth have shown significant potential in regulating and activating the AMPK pathway which can lead to manage diabetes mellitus and its complications.

10.1002/jcp.28528

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30916407/

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

2019-04-06

Lingesh, A.; Paul, David; Naidu, VGM.; Satheeshkumar, N.

Ethnopharmacological relevance The flowers of Hibiscus rosa sinensis has array of pharmacological actions. They are used in preparation of herbal decoction and teas, which have been used traditionally to reduce body weight and for its effect on metabolic syndrome. Aim of the study To investigate the anti adipogenic efficacy of major fraction from ethyl acetate extract of the Hibiscus rosa sinensis flower at 25 and 50 µg/mL (HRF 25 and 50 µg/mL) in 3T3-L1 cells and delineate its possible mechanism of action. Materials and methods Pre adipocyte 3T3-L1 cells were differentiated in the presence and absence of HRF 25 and 50 µg/mL, their lipid accumulation was measured qualitatively by Oil red O staining and quantitatively by triglyceride estimation. Effect on adipolysis was determined, adipogenic and its regulatory gene and protein expression were studied and effect of HRF 25 and 50 µg/mL on AMPK was confirmed in the presence of dorsomorphin. Results Treatment with HRF 25 and 50 µg/mL activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and was found to alleviate triglyceride accumulation significantly (p < 0.001) by 1.6 and 2.3 times respectively in pre adipocytes during differentiation. HRF 25 and 50 µg/mL also nonsignificantly reduced lipolysis which releases free fatty acids, a major contributing factor for insulin resistance. Activation of AMPK by phosphorylation has led to reduced gene and protein expression of adipogenic factors Peroxisome proliferator- activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ), CCAT/enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBPα), Sterol regulatory element- binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) and their targets Fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), Fatty acid synthase (FAS), Perilipin and enhanced Adiponectin expression. Treatment with HRF 25 and 50 µg/mL also resulted in inactivation of Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) by enhancing ACC phosphorylation, which reduced the levels of malonyl-CoA an allosteric inhibitor of carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 (CPT1). Enhanced CPT1 levels causes induction of fatty acid β- oxidation. Effects of HRF were nullified in the presence of AMPK antagonist dorsomorphin. Conclusion In summary, HRF treatments reduced adipogenesis, enhanced factors regulating fatty acid oxidation and this is mediated by AMPK activation. The results conclusively showed anti-obesity potential of HRF and it might be helpful in treatment of associated complications.

10.1016/j.jep.2018.12.039

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378874118318166

Medical News Today

2022-11-22

Shukla

A study in mice suggests that gossypetin, a flavonoid present in hibiscus flowers, may help clear the toxic amyloid plaques associated with Alzheimer’s disease.

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/a-hibiscus-compound-may-help-remove-toxic-plaque-build-up-in-alzheimers

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & Pharmacotherapie

2020-08

El-Shiekh, Riham A.; Ashour, Rehab M.; Abd El-Haleim, Enas A.; Ahmed, Kawkab A.; Abdel-Sattar, Essam

Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (Malvaceae) is one of the well-known traditionally used remedy worldwide. It exhibited numerous pharmacological properties including antioxidant, antidepressant, sedative, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, antimicrobial and neuroprotective activities. The aim of this study is to highlight the mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effects of anthocyanin-enriched extracts of two Hibiscus varieties (white and red calyces) in the management of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in addition to their metabolic profiling. The anthocyanin contents were determined quantitatively using the pH-differential technique and qualitatively by LC/MS/MS. The extracts were tested in vitro for their antioxidant potential as well as acetylcholinesterase inhibition activity and both showed promising activities. The LC/MS/MS analysis allowed the tentative identification of 26 and 24 metabolites in red and white calyces, respectively, represented by anthocyanins, flavonoids, aliphatic and phenolic acids. In vivo, streptozotocin induced AD in mice model was established and Hibiscus extracts were tested at a dose of 200 mg kg-1 compared to celecoxib (30 mg/kg). Histopathology of cerebral cortex and hippocampus, immunohistochemistry for tau- protein and caspase-3 with behavioral tests and measurement of several biochemical parameters were done. Hibiscus prevented memory impairment, and this could be attributed to the amelioration of STZ-induced neuroinflammation and amyloidogenesis. Consequently, Hibiscus represents a promising safe agent that can be repurposed for AD through exerting anti-inflammatory, anti-acetylcholinesterase, antioxidant, and anti-amyloidogenic activities.

10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110303

Molecular Nutrition & Food Research

2014

Joven, Jorge; March, Isabel; Espinel, Eugenia; Fernández-Arroyo, Salvador; Rodríguez-Gallego, Esther; Aragonès, Gerard; Beltrán-Debón, Raúl; Alonso-Villaverde, Carlos; Rios, Lidia; Martin-Paredero, Vicente; Menendez, Javier A.; Micol, Vicente; Segura-Carretero, Antonio; Camps, Jordi

Polyphenols from Hibiscus sabdariffa calices were administered to patients with metabolic syndrome (125 mg/kg/day for 4 wk, n = 31) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (125 or 60 mg/kg in a single dose or daily for 1 wk, n = 8 for each experimental group). The H. sabdariffa extract improved metabolism, displayed potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, and significantly reduced blood pressure in both humans and rats. Diuresis and inhibition of the angiotensin I-converting enzyme were found to be less important mechanisms than those related to the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and endothelium-dependent effects to explain the beneficial actions. Notably, polyphenols induced a favorable endothelial response that should be considered in the management of metabolic cardiovascular risks.

10.1002/mnfr.201300774

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/mnfr.201300774

2015-11-30

McCutchan, Cheryl

Hypertension is one of the risk factors of cardiovascular disease and the main risk factor for stroke. It affects approximately 20% of the world’s population with more severe sequelae among individuals of African descent. Hypertension is likely the result of many physiologic changes which include changes in electrolyte concentrations in the blood. Blood concentrations of sodium and chloride ions are higher and potassium ions are lower in patients with hypertension than in individuals with normal blood pressure. One common method of treating hypertension involves the reduction of blood electrolytes with prescription medications, such as hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ). Studies in animal models and in humans provide evidence that hibiscus (Hibiscus sabdariffa, Malvaceae) extracts can help lower blood pressure. The goal of this randomized, controlled study was to compare the effects of a hibiscus extract and HCTZ on blood pressure and electrolyte balance in Nigerian patients with mild to moderate hypertension.

IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences

2014-01-01

Sheriff, Ojulari; Oyeniyi, RO; Owoyele, Bamidele

10.9790/0853-131166062

Journal of Medicinal Food

2011-09

Fullerton, Marjorie; Khatiwada, Janak; Johnson, Jacqueline U.; Davis, Shurrita; Williams, Leonard L.

The use of medicinal plants as natural antimicrobial agents is gaining popularity. Sorrel (Hibiscus sabdariffa) is widely used for the treatment of diseases. The objective of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of sorrel on Escherichia coli O157:H7 isolates from food, veterinary, and clinical samples. Phenolics of the calyces were extracted from 10 g of ground, freeze-dried samples using 100 mL of 80% aqueous methanol. Concentrations of 10%, 5%, and 2.5% methanol extract of sorrel were investigated for its antimicrobial activity. Inhibition zones were indicated by a lack of microbial growth due to inhibitory concentrations of sorrel diffused into semisolid culture medium beneath the sorrel-impregnated disk. The results of this experiment showed that the most potent sorrel concentration was 10%, then 5%, and finally 2.5%. The overall mean zone of inhibition for the sorrel extract was 12.66 mm for 10%, 10.75 mm for 5%, and 8.9 mm for 2.5%. The highest inhibition zones (11.16 mm) were observed in veterinary samples, and the lowest (10.57 mm) in the food samples. There were significant (P<.05) differences among mean zones of inhibition found in the food, veterinary, and clinical sources. Based on the source of samples and concentration of sorrel extract, the lowest mean inhibition was 7.00±0.04 mm from clinical samples, and the highest was 15.37±0.61 mm from a food source. These findings indicated that sorrel was effective at all levels in inhibiting E. coli O157:H7; thus it possesses antimicrobial activity and hold great promise as an antimicrobial agent.

10.1089/jmf.2010.0200

https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/jmf.2010.0200

Indian Journal of Hill Farming

2014

Puro, K.; Sunjukta, R.; Samir, S.; Ghatak, S.; Shakuntala, I.; Sen, Arnab

The use of herbal extracts and nutritional supplements either as alternative or complementary medicine for treatment of diseases is well documented in various cultures such as Ayurveda in India and traditional Chinese medicine system. M edicinal plants as natural antimicrobial agents are gaining popularity. Roselle plant (Hibiscus sabdariffa) Linne (Malvaceae) has been used in folk medicine as a diuretic, mild laxativ e, and treatment for cardiac and nerve diseases . Herein we discussed some of the recent studies on its various activities.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Medicinal-Uses-of-Roselle-Plant-(Hibiscus-L.)%3A-A-Puro-Sunjukta/1d7d1929dd2c4f5d952ef896841b518815cb3b1a

Journal of Kerbala University

2007-12-15

Kadhum, Najeh

The development of more effective and less toxic antifungal agents is required for the treatment of dermatophytosis. The studies about the effect of plant extract against different types of fungi are still one of the most important fields of researches because they are available, cheep, and safe. Dermatophytes are fungi that can cause infections (known as tinea) of the skin, hair and nails because of their ability to use keratin. In this work, two plant extracts Hibiscus sabdariffa (H. sabdariffa) and Cuminum cyminum (C. cyminum) were tested for there possible biological activity against two dermatophytosis Trichophyton rubrum (T. rubrum) and Trichophyton mentagrophytes (T. mentagrophytes). Boiled aqueous extracts of both plants at the following concentrations (5, 7.5, and 10%) were used after cooling. Agar dilution method was used to examine the biological activity of each extract and the results expressed as diameter of colonies in (mm). The tests for functional groups that can be extracted by water were carried out. Hence, alkaloids, saponines, tannins, glycosides were screened using a suitable method while oils noticed as upper layer (if present).The results of both plants showed that the inhibition of fungal growth is dependent on the concentration of plant extract. The T. mentagrophytes is more sensitive in growth than T. rubum in response to both plant extracts. In general, there is no statistical difference (p>0.05) in the activity of both aqueous extracts against the two fungi. The pHs of 10% solution of C. cyminum and H. sabdariffa extract were 5.95 and 2.40, respectively. In C. cyminum there are detectable amounts of essential oils, glycosides and high amounts of tannins while alkaloids and saponines are not detectable using the described methods. In Hibiscus sabdariffa, there is a detectable amount of saponines, glycosides, and high amounts of tannins while there are no positive results for essential oils and alkaloids.In conclusion, the aqueous extracts of H. sabdariffa and C. cyminum have antifungal activity at concentrations ≥5%. There is no significant difference in the antifungal activity between the aqueous extract of H. sabdariffa and C. cyminum against both fungi. In general, both fungi showed same growth inhibition in response to both plant extracts. The results indicated that both of the plant extracts used in the present work are acidic (pH<7) and H. sabdariffa had higher acidity than cumin indicated the presence of different acidic compound in the extract. The acidity affects the growth of fungi and may decrease the rate of growth. This antifungal activity of the plant extract may be due, in part, to the presence of different active substances in the extracts. The results can be explained through the presence of different active substances, especially tannins and glycosides, of in the aqueous extract

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329950689_The_Activity_of_Aqueous_Extract_of_Cuminum_cyminum_L_and_Hibiscus_sabdariffa_L_against_Trichophyton_mentagrophytes_and_Trichophyton_rubum_and_Detection_of_Some_their_Active_Chemical_Groups

2011

Elmanama, A.; Alyazji, Amany A.; Abu-Gheneima, Na

The increased prevalence of antibiotic resistance, as a result of extensive antibiotic use, may render the current antimicrobial agents insufficient to control, at least, some bacterial infections. The concept of this research is based on the Sunnah of Prophet Mohammad “peace be upon him” of using Henna as a medication for wounds. The aim of this study is to investigate the antimicrobial and antifungal activity of Lawsonia inermis, Punica granatum, and Hibiscus sabdariffa and to examine the synergistic effect of mixing plant extracts with antibiotic. By extraction 30g of grounded plant extract with 500ml from the solvent by soxhlet apparatus (soaked the grounded plant in solvent 72h). The antibacterial and antifungal activities were investigated by using sensitivity test on Mueller Hinton agar and Potato Dextrose agar, respectively. The methanolic extract of Punica granatum showed the highest antibacterial activity especially against Staphylococcus aureus, while, Klebsiella pneumonia and Escherichia coli showed the least sensitivity to the same extract. Association of antibiotics and plant extract showed synergistic antibacterial activity especially with Ciprofloxacin and Erythromycin on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. The activity of Ketoconazole and Fluconazole drugs was highly increased after mixing with the aqueous extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa. The Nystatin antifungal showed higher activity when mixed with plant extract. In conclusion, all tested plants extracts showed potential antimicrobial activity against the tested pathogens. The synergistic effect against fungi was more clear and higher from the effect against bacteria.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Antibacterial%2C-antifungal-and-synergistic-effect-of-Elmanama-Alyazji/21f24608c90730b451fe7ab66cf5d02f994dea7a

Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine

2014-02

Alshami, Issam; Alharbi, Ahmed E.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the prevention of recurrent candiduria using natural based approaches and to study the antimicrobial effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa (H. sabdariffa) extract and the biofilm forming capacity of Candida albicans strains in the present of the H. sabdariffa extract. METHODS: In this particular study, six strains of fluconazole resistant Candida albicans isolated from recurrent candiduria were used. The susceptibility of fungal isolates, time-kill curves and biofilm forming capacity in the present of the H. sabdariffa extract were determined. RESULTS: Various levels minimum inhibitory concentration of the extract were observed against all the isolates. Minimum inhibitory concentration values ranged from 0.5 to 2.0 mg/mL. Time-kill experiment demonstrated that the effect was fungistatic. The biofilm inhibition assay results showed that H. sabdariffa extract inhibited biofilm production of all the isolates. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the study support the potential effect of H. sabdariffa extract for preventing recurrent candiduria and emphasize the significance of the plant extract approach as a potential antifungal agent.

10.1016/S2221-1691(14)60217-3

Pharmaceutical Biology

2006-01-01

Navarro García, Victor M.; Rojas, Gabriela; Gerardo Zepeda, L.; Aviles, Margarita; Fuentes, Macrina; Herrera, Armando; Jiménez, Enrique

The antifungal and antibacterial activity of 10 crude extracts from four different species, all of them used in Mexican folk medicine for the treatment of infectious diseases, were tested in vitro. for antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus., Streptococcus faecalis., Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae., Salmonella typhi., Candida albicans., Trichophyton mentagrophytes., and Trichophyton rubrum.. All extracts from the above plants showed some degree of antimicrobial activity against at least two microorganisms tested. The strongest antibacterial activity was found in the water extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa. and the methanol extract of Lysiloma acapulcensis., whereas the methanol extract from Loeselia mexicana. showed the best antifungal activity against dermatophytes.

10.1080/13880200600715837

https://doi.org/10.1080/13880200600715837

Food Chemistry

2018-06-01

Rasheed, Dalia M.; Porzel, Andrea; Frolov, Andrei; El Seedi, Hesham R.; Wessjohann, Ludger A.; Farag, Mohamed A.

Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) is a functional food with potential health benefits, consumed either as hot or cold beverage. To ensure quality control of its various products, accurate measurement of active metabolites is warranted. Herein, we propose a combination of ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analytical platforms for the untargeted characterization of metabolites in two roselle cultivars, Aswan and Sudan-1. The analyses revealed 33 metabolites, including sugars, flavonoids, anthocyanins, phenolic and aliphatic organic acids. Their relative contents in cultivars were assessed via principle component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal projection to latent structures analysis (OPLS). Impact of the different extraction methods (decoction, infusion and maceration) was compared by quantitative 1H NMR spectroscopy, revealing cold maceration to be optimal for preserving anthocyanins, whereas infusion was more suited for recovering organic acids. The metabolite pattern revealed by the different extraction methods was found in good correlation for their ability to inhibit α-glucosidase enzyme.

10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.01.020

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308814618300207

Biomedical Reports

2021-11-01

Diantini, Ajeng; Rahmat, Syamsul; Alpiani, Annisa; Sumiwi, Sri Adi; Lubis, Leonardo; Levita, Jutti

The calyx of roselle (<em>Hibiscus sabdariffa</em> L.) has been the focus of attention of several studies, and although earlier studies on this plant showed it to possess antilipidemic and antidiabetic activities, none of these studies have assessed the effects of this plant on the physiological parameters of healthy subjects. The present study determined the effects of roselle calyx beverages on blood pressure, abdominal circumference, body mass index (BMI), hematological and urinary parameters, and the lipid profile of healthy subjects. Healthy subjects (n=30) were treated with a 200 ml roselle calyx beverage each morning and evening for 30 consecutive days. Every week the subjects were asked to perform some physical activity by following the Young Men’s Christian Association step test. This study used a pre‑post quasi‑experimental design. Blood samples were taken before (day‑0) and after the intervention (day‑30). There was an increase in the levels of high‑density lipoproteins (from 47.0 to 49.5 mg/dl; P=0.015), and a significant decrease in both systolic and diastolic (P=0.036 and P=0.030, respectively), and the abdominal circumference of the subjects (P=0.005). However, total cholesterol levels (191.2 to 191.9 mg/dl; P=0.821) and low‑density lipoprotein levels (129.8 to 133.5 mg/dl; P=0.249) were slightly increased, although not significantly. A lower level of triglycerides (114.3 to 107.4 mg/dl; P=0.269) and very‑low‑density lipoprotein levels (22.8 to 21.4 mg/dl; P=0.681) was observed. No significant differences were detected in the BMI or the urinalysis parameters were identified. Based on these results, roselle (<em>Hibiscus sabdariffa</em> L.) may be used as a supplement to prospectively improve the health status of subjects. No serious adverse effects were observed during this trial.

10.3892/br.2021.1465

https://www.spandidos-publications.com/10.3892/br.2021.1465

Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie

2021-06-01

Janson, Benjarat; Prasomthong, Janjira; Malakul, Wachirawadee; Boonsong, Tantip; Tunsophon, Sakara

Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) is reported to be beneficial in treating obesity which can develop into a range of metabolic disorders. The molecular mechanisms by which roselle extract works to prevent obesity-related insulin resistance remains poorly understood. We hypothesized that the roselle extract can decrease lipid accumulation and improve insulin resistance by downregulating adipogenesis. The aim of this study is to investigate the protective effect of roselle extract on the mechanism of adipogenesis and prevent complications of the obesity-related insulin resistance in high-fat diet-induced obese rats for 8 weeks. Male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups: control (C), high-fat diet (HFD), high-fat diet supplemented with 250 mg/kg BW of roselle (R250), and high-fat diet supplemented with 500 mg/kg BW of roselle (R500). The results demonstrated that roselle had the potential to reduce body weight, food intake, lipid profiles, inflammatory cytokines, lipid peroxidation, serum leptin, insulin and duodenal glucose absorption, while significantly increased glucose uptake of adipose tissue and muscle when compared to the HFD group. Roselle can prevent lipid accumulation by suppressing differentiation of 3T3-L1 adipocyte by downregulating the adipogenic gene expression. The results of this study demonstrated that the molecular mechanism underlying the protective effect of roselle, could be an alternative approach for obesity-related insulin resistance prevention.

10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111438

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111438

Planta Medica

2019-03

Giacoman-Martínez, Abraham; Alarcón-Aguilar, Francisco J.; Zamilpa, Alejandro; Hidalgo-Figueroa, Sergio; Navarrete-Vázquez, Gabriel; García-Macedo, Rebeca; Román-Ramos, Rubén; Almanza-Pérez, Julio C.

<p> <i>Hibiscus sabdariffa</i> is a medicinal plant consumed as a diuretic and anti-obesity remedy. Several pharmacological studies have shown its beneficial effects in metabolism. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors <i>δ</i> and <i>γ</i> may play a role in the actions of <i>H. sabdariffa.</i> These nuclear receptors regulate lipid and glucose metabolism and are therapeutic targets for type 2 diabetes. This research aimed to perform a phytochemical study guided by a bioassay from <i>H. sabdariffa</i> to identify compounds with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor <i>δ</i> and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor <i>γ</i> agonist activity, supported by messenger ribonucleic acid expression, molecular docking, lipid accumulation, and an antihyperglycemic effect. An oral glucose tolerance test in mice with the aqueous extract of <i>H. sabdariffa</i> and the dichloromethane extract of <i>H. sabdariffa</i> was performed. The dichloromethane extract of <i>H. sabdariffa</i> exhibited an antihyperglycemic effect. The dichloromethane extract of <i>H. sabdariffa</i> was fractioned, and four fractions were evaluated in 3T3-L1 adipocytes on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor <i>δ</i>, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor <i>γ</i>, fatty acid transporter protein, and glucose transporter type 4 messenger ribonucleic acid expression. Fraction F3 exhibited peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor <i>δ</i>/<i>γ</i> dual agonist activity, and a further fractionation yielded two subfractions, F3-1 and F3-2, which also increased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor <i>δ</i> and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor <i>γ</i> expression. Subfractions were analyzed by GC/MS. The main compounds identified in F3-1 were linoleic acid, oleic acid, and palmitic acid, while in F3-2, the main compounds identified were <i>α</i>-amyrin and lupeol. These molecules were subjected to molecular docking analysis. <i>α</i>-Amyrin and lupeol showed the highest affinity. Moreover, both produced an increase in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor <i>δ</i>, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor <i>γ</i>, fatty acid transporter protein, and glucose transporter type 4 expression. Additionally, <i>α</i>-amyrin and lupeol decreased lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and blood glucose in mice. Until now, <i>α</i>-amyrin and lupeol have not been reported with activity on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. This study provides evidence that <i>α</i>-amyrin and lupeol possess antidiabetic effects through a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor <i>δ</i>/<i>γ</i> dual agonist action.</p>

10.1055/a-0824-1316

http://www.thieme-connect.de/DOI/DOI?10.1055/a-0824-1316

Food and Chemical Toxicology: An International Journal Published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association

2020-10

Herranz-López, María; Olivares-Vicente, Mariló; Rodríguez Gallego, Esther; Encinar, Jose Antonio; Pérez-Sánchez, Almudena; Ruiz-Torres, Verónica; Joven, Jorge; Roche, Enrique; Micol, Vicente

Polyphenols from Hibiscus sabdariffa (HS) alleviate obesity-related metabolic complications but the metabolites responsible for such effects are unknown. We aimed to elucidate which of the potential plasma metabolites from a polyphenol-enriched HS (PEHS) extract contributed for the reversion of glucolipotoxicity-induced metabolic stress using 3T3-L1 adipocyte and INS 832/13 pancreatic β-cell models under glucolipotoxic conditions. PEHS extract, quercetin (Q) and quercetin-3-O-glucuronide (Q3GA) showed stronger capacity to decrease glucolipotoxicity-induced ROS generation than ascorbic acid or chlorogenic acid. PEHS extract, Q and Q3GA decreased secretion of cytokines (leptin, TNF-α, IGF-1, IL-6, VEGF, IL-1α, IL-1β and CCL2) and reduced CCL2 expression at transcriptional level. In addition, PEHS extract, Q and Q3GA reduced triglyceride accumulation, which occurred through fatty acid synthase (FASN) downregulation, AMPK activation and mitochondrial mass and biogenesis restoration via PPARα upregulation. Electron microscopy confirmed that PEHS extract and Q3GA decreased mitochondrial remodeling and mitophagy. Virtual screening leads us to postulate that Q and Q3GA might act as agonists of these protein targets at specific sites. These data suggest that Q and Q3GA may be the main responsible compounds for the capacity of PEHS extract to revert glucolipotoxicity-induced metabolic stress through AMPK-mediated decrease in fat storage and increase in fatty acid oxidation, though other compounds of the extract may contribute to this capacity.

10.1016/j.fct.2020.111606

International Food Research Journal

2013

Nazaruddin, R; Baiti, Noor; A, A; Foo, S; Tan, Y; Ayob, M

Recent research suggesting the existence of potential source of pectin from roselle calyces. Pectin was successfully extracted from seven different varieties of roselle calyces. Pectin extraction was conducted using hydrochloric acid (HCl, 0.03 N, pH 1.5) or ammonium oxalate (0.25% w/v, pH 4.6) at 85o C for 1 h. Chemical characteristics of the HCl- and ammonium oxalate extracted pectin were compared. Results indicated that ammonium oxalate exhibited greater efficiency in pectin extraction than HCl. Highest pectin yield at 18.7% was obtained by ammonium oxalate extraction of roselle calyx variety Acc.6 compared to only 9.77% by HCl extraction. The lowest pectin yield at 11.3% and 5.78% were observed respectively in ammonium oxalate and HCl extractions of roselle calyx variety UKMR-3. Some important characteristics of ammonium oxalate extracted pectin of roselle Acc.6 were 5.98% moisture, 3.81% ash, 4.64% methoxyl content, 42.24% anhydrouronic acid (AUA) and degree of esterification (DE) 60%. This study suggested that the high DE% roselle pectin is an alternative source of pectin for food industry.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Comparative-chemical-characteristics-of-acid-and-Nazaruddin-Baiti/3abc670b9ff5f3f64a4b07e6ffe1808638de12bf

ELECTROPHORESIS

2008-07-08

Segura-Carretero, Antonio; Puertas-Mejía, Miguel A.; Cortacero-Ramírez, Sonia; Beltrán, Raúl; Alonso-Villaverde, Carlos; Joven, Jorge; Dinelli, Giovanni; Fernández-Gutiérrez, Alberto

A method for selective extraction using SPE, electrophoretic separation at basic condition and the identification by using exact masses and fragmentation patterns has been developed in order to know the anthocyanins in dried calyces of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. A detailed and comparative study of several extraction procedures has been carried out to obtain the maximum number of anthocyanidins from the calyces and then a CE-TOF-MS method in positive mode using ESI has been developed for the separation and rapid identification of anthocyanins in H. sabdariffa L. Delphinidin-3-sambubioside, cyanidin-3-sambubioside have been detected as main components and cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside, delphinidin-3-O-glucoside and cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside, and chlorogenic acid as minor constituents. The confirmation of the anthocyanidins and chlorogenic acid was carried out using fragmentation ions with the IT-mass spectrometer (IT-MS).

10.1002/elps.200700819

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/elps.200700819

Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture

2020-07-01

Escobar-Ortiz, Alexandro; Castaño-Tostado, Eduardo; Rocha-Guzmán, Nuria Elizabeth; Gallegos-Infante, José Alberto; Reynoso-Camacho, Rosalía

BACKGROUND One of the main disadvantages of red pigments used in foods is their low extraction yield and storage stability. Roselle flowers are sources of anthocyanins; however, these are unstable during storage, but this could be improved with phenolic compounds, which establish bonds with the anthocyanins. The aim of this work was to identify conditions to improve the extraction efficiency and color stability of Hibiscus sabdariffa extract and, furthermore, to identify the phenolic compounds associated with color stability of roselle. RESULTS The temperature of extraction (35 and 75 °C), the time of extraction (15 and 60 min), type of acid (acetic and citric), percentage of acid (0.5 and 2.0%) and the water:ethanol ratio (20:80 and 80:20) did not affect the yield of anthocyanins; only the solid:solvent ratio had an effect in the anthocyanin extraction yield. The extraction with 80% ethanol decreased up to 50% the anthocyanin degradation in the extracts stored at 4, 25, 35, 45, and 80 °C. Phenolic acids and flavonoids were quantified by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. These compounds were analyzed using principal component analysis, and the H. sabdariffa extract, with greater stability, was found to be associated with the presence of quercetin, myricetin, kaempferol 3-O-glucose, ellagic acid, and rutin. CONCLUSION H. sabdariffa extract with increased color stability was extracted with a higher proportion of ethanol and the improvement in the color stability was attributed to the co-extraction of phenolic compounds, principally flavonoids that could interact with anthocyanins and stabilize them. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry

10.1002/jsfa.10620

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jsfa.10620

Rasayan Journal of Chemistry

2021-05

Yuliastri, Wa; Ghozali, Mohammad; Sahidin, Sahidin; Diantini, Ajeng

Human programmed death-1 with its ligand (hPD-1/PD-L1) is a promising target to blockade the checkpoints immunology as anticancer therapy. Small molecules inhibitor of checkpoints immunology currently develop. Natural bioactive compounds in rosella have the potential as promising small molecules that can inhibit the complex of hPD-1/PD-L1. So this research aimed to determine the bioactive compounds in rosella against hPD-1/PD-L1 by in silico molecular docking and molecular dynamics studies. A total 16 compounds in rosella were selected and downloaded through the Pubchem and KNapSAcK compound databases. The compounds were then docked into the binding pocket of hPD-1/PD-L1 protein and then simulated by the molecular dynamics method. It was obtained three best compounds that have the best binding energy and interaction i.e. delphinidin-3-sambubioside, hibiscetin- 3-glucoside, and quercetin-3-rutinoside. The molecular dynamics simulation during 100 ns, showed the three compounds have good stability, that analyzed by the RMSD, RMSF, and MM-PBSA binding free energy calculation. The delphinidin-3-sambubioside showed the lowest binding free energy, i.e. -33.161 KJ/mol, and provided the best stability compared to the other compounds. Keywords: Rosella, Hibiscus sabdariffa L., In silico, hPD-1/PD-L1, Immunomodulator

10.31788/RJC.2021.1426273

https://www.academia.edu/68412760/SCREENING_OF_SOME_SELECTED_COMPOUNDS_IN_ROSELLA_Hibiscus_sabdariffa_L_TARGETING_OF_COMPLEX_HUMAN_PROGRAMMED_DEATH_1_AND_ITS_LIGAND_1_hPD1_PD_L1_AS_IMUNOMODULATORY_ACTIVITY_In_silico_APPROACH

(PDF) SCREENING OF SOME SELECTED COMPOUNDS IN ROSELLA (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) TARGETING OF COMPLEX HUMAN PROGRAMMED DEATH-1 AND ITS LIGAND-1 (hPD1/PD-L1) AS IMUNOMODULATORY ACTIVITY: In silico APPROACH

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/352185438_SCREENING_OF_SOME_SELECTED_COMPOUNDS_IN_ROSELLA_Hibiscus_sabdariffa_L_TARGETING_OF_COMPLEX_HUMAN_PROGRAMMED_DEATH-1_AND_ITS_LIGAND-1_hPD1PD-L1_AS_IMUNOMODULATORY_ACTIVITY_In_silico_APPROACH

The Journal of Biological Chemistry

2019-03-15

Kam, Antony; Loo, Shining; Dutta, Bamaprasad; Sze, Siu Kwan; Tam, James P.

Mitochondria are attractive therapeutic targets for developing agents to delay age-related frailty and diseases. However, few promising leads have been identified from natural products. Previously, we identified roseltide rT1, a hyperstable 27-residue cysteine-rich peptide from Hibiscus sabdariffa, as a knottin-type neutrophil elastase inhibitor. Here, we show that roseltide rT1 is also a cell-penetrating, mitochondria-targeting peptide that increases ATP production. Results from flow cytometry, live-cell imaging, pulldown assays, and genetically-modified cell lines supported that roseltide rT1 enters cells via glycosaminoglycan-dependent endocytosis, and enters the mitochondria through TOM20, a mitochondrial protein import receptor. We further showed that roseltide rT1 increases cellular ATP production via mitochondrial membrane hyperpolarization. Using biotinylated roseltide rT1 for target identification and proteomic analysis, we showed that human mitochondrial membrane ATP synthase subunit O is an intramitochondrial target. Collectively, these data support our discovery that roseltide rT1 is a first-in-class mitochondria-targeting, cysteine-rich peptide with potentials to be developed into tools to further our understanding of mitochrondria-related diseases.

10.1074/jbc.RA118.006693

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6422099/

Archivos Latinoamericanos De Nutricion

2010-03

Sáyago-Ayerdi, Sonia G.; Goñi, Isabel

Dietary fiber and antioxidants are food constituents and functional ingredients that are generally addressed separately. Nowadays there is scientific evidence that primary characteristics of DF assigned to non starch polysaccharides and lignin (resistance to digestion and absorption in the small intestine and fermentation in the large intestine) can be extended to other indigestible food constituents that are resistant to digestion and absorption in the human small intestine with complete or partial fermentation in the large intestine. The antioxidant dietary fiber concept was defined as a dietary fiber concentrate containing significant amounts of natural antioxidants associated with non digestible compounds. Hibiscus sabdariffa L flower shows in its composition an important percentage of dietary fiber and high antioxidant capacity. The infusion obtained by decoction of flowers, had been extensibility studied due to the healthy properties. In this work the principal nutritional aspects from Hibiscus sabdariffa L and its use as a possible antioxidant dietary fiber source had been considered.

https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2021/ma/d1ma00429h

Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems

2023

Ndiaye, Oumoule; Hedrick, Valisa E.; Neill, Clinton L.; Carneiro, Renata C. V.; Huang, Haibo; Fernandez-Fraguas, Cristina; Guiro, Amadou Tidiane; O’Keefe, Sean F.

The rise in diseases like obesity and diabetes is a worldwide challenge. The consumption of functional products such as hibiscus, which has been proven to be high in bioactive compounds and dietary fiber, providing it with anticancer, antiaging, anti-inflammatory and satiety properties, should be promoted. In the U.S., promoting the consumption of hibiscus products can be a good approach to increase fiber consumption and to reduce risk of obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. However, information about knowledge of this functional product among consumers is still sparse and increasing consumption requires designing and marketing desired products made from hibiscus. Therefore in this preliminary study, we assessed consumer response to hibiscus products and investigated whether providing information about potential health benefits could impact consumer willingness-to-pay (WTP) for three types of non-alcoholic hibiscus beverages: ready-made tea, bottled juice, and kombucha. Our web-based survey was distributed through QualtricsXM and a convenience sampling method was chosen. Most participants identified themselves as female, 18–34 years old, with a graduate degree. Most participants (81%) had consumed hibiscus products before and 57% had a weekly food budget lower than $60. Overall, tea and juices were the most liked hibiscus beverages, respectively. Although taste and health benefits were ranked as the main reasons to consume hibiscus beverages, additional information about hibiscus health benefits did not significantly affect WTP for these products. Without additional health benefit information, consumer WTP for non-alcoholic hibiscus beverages ranged from $2.9 to $3.60 for kombucha and $4.08–4.97 for Ready-made-tea. This study provides valuable insights that can support future research on hibiscus products and promote the development of novel hibiscus-based foods and beverages that are appealing to the U.S. market.

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsufs.2023.1039203

Cells

2022-01

Manzano-Pech, Linaloe; Guarner-Lans, Verónica; Soto, María Elena; Díaz-Díaz, Eulises; Caballero-Chacón, Sara; Díaz-Torres, Roberto; Rodríguez-Fierros, Félix Leao; Pérez-Torres, Israel

Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (HSL) has high amounts of antioxidants and many beneficial effects in several pathologies. However, few studies describe the possible harmful effects of high concentrations of HSL. Here we evaluate the effect of excessive and chronic consumption of infusions with different percentages of HSL on some oxidative stress markers in serum, and the possible association with inflammation and increased systolic blood pressure (SBP), in healthy rats. A total of 32 male Wistar rats were used to form 4 groups with 8 animals each. Group 1 control (drinking tap water), group 2, 3 and 4, drinking water supplemented with 15, 30 and 60 g/L of HSL calyxes respectively. SBP was evaluated and determinations in serum of the NO3−/NO2− ratio, glutathione (GSH), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), selenium (Se), TNF-α, IL-1α/IL-1F1, IL-1β, IL-10, extracellular superoxide dismutase (EcSOD), thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, were evaluated. The SBP (p = 0.01), GPx activity, GSH, TAC, Se, TNF-α and EcSOD activities (p ≤ 0.001) and IL-1α/IL-1F1, IL-1β, TrxR and NO3−/NO2− (p ≤ 0.05), were increased but IL-10 (p < 0.001) was decreased in rats that consumed the 3 and 6% HSL infusions. The excessive and chronic consumption of HSL may increase the TAC that could lead to a proinflammatory state which is associated with hypertension.

10.3390/cells11182774

https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/11/18/2774

Materials Advances

2021-08-02

Rana, Ashvinder K.; Thakur, Vijay Kumar

Plant fibres are helically twisted cellulosic materials that are bonded together by lignin and hemicellulose matrices. Their physical, mechanical, and chemical properties depend enormously on the relative proportions of their chemical constituents, the atmospheric conditions, the age of the plant, and the collection time, among other factors. Hibiscus sabdariffa fibre is obtained by processing the stems or seeds of the Hibiscus sabdariffa plant (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.), which is an evergreen plant that is grown in almost all tropical regions of the world. Polymer composites or membranes developed utilizing plant fibres exhibit astonishing chemical resistance and mechanical and thermal properties, which are attributed to their chemical constituents, low density, and structural dimensions. However, further augmentation of the pre-existing properties of plant-fibre-fortified bio-composites can be achieved via enhancing the bonding between the hydrophilic plant fibres and the hydrophobic matrix, which should be possible by tailoring the surfaces of the plant fibres. In the present article, the methods and techniques employed for the extraction of Hibiscus sabdariffa fibre and its conversion into micro- and nano-forms are discussed. In addition, the effects of numerous surface tailoring strategies on the physicomechanical, thermal, water uptake, and humidity absorption characteristics of Hibiscus sabdariffa fibre have been surveyed to establish surface tailoring strategies and fibre dimension modification as feasible processes for producing useful Hibiscus sabdariffa fibres to address industrial needs. The surface-tailored plant macro-/micro-/nanofibres can fortify bio-composites and thus improve the utilization of Hibiscus sabdariffa fibre as a dependable and reasonable material for industrial purposes, which in turn may help to meet worldwide targets for creating and developing biomaterials for a better future.

10.1039/D1MA00429H

https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2021/ma/d1ma00429h

Phenolic extracts from Hibiscus sabdariffa have shown beneficial effects on obesity and its related complications. However, their effects on gut microbiota have not been investigated yet. This study evaluates the effects of a chemically characterized polyphenolic extract of H. sabdariffa (HSE) in an experimental model of diet-induced obesity (DIO) in mice. HSE was administered daily by oral gave for 42 days. HSE reduced weight increase in high fat diet (HFD)-fed mice, and improved glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity and normalized LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio. It also enhanced the inflammatory state in the liver, reducing the expression of different adipokines and proinflammatory mediators, and reinforced gut integrity by increasing the expression of mucins and proteins involved in the maintenance of mucosal barrier. Moreover, HSE had a prebiotic effect, ameliorating the changes in the gut microbiota induced by the HFD. Thus, HSE improved the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, which may contribute to the beneficial effects. Consequently, HSE could be considered for the development of a complementary treatment for the metabolic syndrome due to its beneficial properties.

Source: Food Research International

In recent years, the consumption of healthy drinks has increased due to the increase in consumer awareness. In this research, the production of hibiscus tea probiotic dietary drinks based on stevia and inulin sweeteners was investigated. In order to prepare probiotic drinks, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum bacteria, hibiscus tea at levels of 2.5, 5 and 7%, inulin at levels of 2, 4, 6% and stevia at levels (0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 percent) were used and pH, acidity, brix, formalin index, turbidity, total phenol, antioxidant activity (DPPH, FRAP, ABTS), sensory characteristics of the samples were investigated on day 1 and total microbial count and survival of probiotics on days 1, 3 and 15. According to the obtained results, at the highest levels of hibiscus tea and the lowest levels of inulin, the pH of the samples decreased significantly and the acidity increased (p<0.05). At the highest levels of hibiscus tea and inulin, Brix, Turbidity and formalin index of samples increased significantly (p<0.05). In the highest levels of hibiscus tea, inulin and stevia, total phenol and antioxidant activity and population of probiotics in the samples increased significantly (p<0.05). Sample H5, I4, S0.2 and sample H5, I6, S0.2 obtained the highest sensory score compared to other samples (p<0.05). Due to the higher sensory scores, antioxidant activity and proper survival of probiotics, sample H5, I4, S0.2 was selected as the best sample.

Source: Food Science Engineering